Plectranthus esculentus (syn. Coleus esculentus), commonly known as Livingstone potato, kaffir potato, Zulu potato, finger potato, wild potato, or African potato, is a perennial member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) cultivated in parts of southern and tropical Africa for its edible tubers. It is an underutilised indigenous root crop valued for its hardiness, nutritional richness, and traditional medicinal uses. The leaves are simple and opposite, with a characteristic pungent aroma when crushed. It is called Risga in Hausa, Umumbu or Nduku in Igbo, and Isu agba in Yoruba.
Constituents
Analyses of P. esculentus tubers and flours show a carbohydrate-rich profile containing protein, fat, fibre, minerals, and antioxidants. Mineral analyses indicate the presence of calcium, iron, and vitamin A. Phytochemical screening has revealed phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and other antioxidant constituents common to Plectranthus species.
Preparations
Livingstone potato is available as fresh or dried tubers, or as flour. The tubers may be eaten boiled, roasted, fried, or added to stews. They can also be processed into flour for use in porridge, soups, and baked goods. The leaves are sometimes cooked as greens or used to flavour stews. In ethnobotanical practice, the whole plant, leaves, or tubers are prepared as decoctions, infusions, poultices, topical rubs, or vapours.
Pharmacological actions and medicinal uses
Livingstone potato has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, though scientific validation remains limited. It has been used in traditional medicine for stomach ailments, skin conditions, and as a general tonic. Common traditional uses include the treatment of digestive disorders (stomach ache, abdominal pain), respiratory complaints (cough, asthma), and topical skin problems. It has also been used as an anthelmintic. Laboratory studies and phytochemical investigations have indicated antioxidant activity and the presence of phenolics and flavonoids that plausibly contribute to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However, rigorous clinical trials in humans are lacking.
Adverse effects
There are no widely reported cases of severe toxicity associated with the consumption of P. esculentus tubers when prepared as traditional food. Allergic or contact reactions are possible with topical use, as seen with many members of the Lamiaceae family. Safety in pregnancy, lactation, and among individuals taking concurrent medications has not been well established. Standard due precautions apply: avoid untested high-dose extracts and consult a healthcare professional before using plant-based remedies, especially for children, pregnant women, or individuals on long-term medication.
Economic uses and potentials
Livingstone potato offers several economic advantages. It grows well in marginal soils, can be easily propagated from tubers, and serves as an alternative or supplement to imported staples. Owing to its nutrient profile and resilience, P. esculentus is a strong candidate for promotion as a neglected and underutilised species (NUS) to enhance rural food security and income diversification. Conservation of genetic stocks and farmer training would further strengthen its commercial prospects.
Recent research in Africa has demonstrated that the Livingstone potato is highly nutritious and can provide raw materials for both the agro and pharmaceutical sectors. Between 2001 and 2002, farmers were able to sell 250 g of the crop for up to US$1.00, while the cooked leaves sold for about US$1.30. The high and growing demand for Livingstone potato highlights its potential as a valuable food and economic crop.
References
Kumar, S. (2015). Food and Health Benefits of Livingstone Potato. Biodiversity: Use and Conservation. Retrieved on 6 October 2025 from https://sanjeetbiotech.blogspot.com/2015/02/food-and-health-benefits-of-livingstone.html.
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