Two of four Ebola treatment drugs have been determined “more effective” than the others and will be the only ones used on patients going forward, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced.
WHO announced in a statement that two of the four Ebola treatment drugs were determined more effective in treating patients than others in a trial which began as part of the emergency response in the Democratic Republic of Congo on 20 November 2018.
The trial was called the Pamoja Tulinde Maisha study.
ZMapp, remdesivir, mAb114 and REGN-EB3 were the four drugs used in the trials.
During trials, REGN-EB3 and mAb114 were determined to be more effective in treating Ebola than the other two, and will be the only two used going forward, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases announced in a statement.
As part of an emergency response team in the Congo, the “Together Save Lives” trial was done with a collaboration of organisations, including the Congo’s National Institute for Biomedical Research, the Ministry of Health, the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Alliance for International Medical Action and other organizations.
Although the final analysis of data will be completed in late September or early October of this year, the NIAID said the effectiveness of REGN-EB3 and mAb114 was “compelling enough to recommend and implement” the changes immediately.
The other two treatments, ZMapp and remdesivir, will no longer be used.
Some 681 patients were enrolled in the trial as of 9 August 2019, with a total aim of 725 patients, the NIAID said.
The new experimental treatments are both cocktails of monoclonal antibodies that are infused intravenously into the blood, the New York Times reported.
Jean-Jacques Muyembe, director of Congo’s National Institute for Biomedical Research, said the news of a cure could change the course of this outbreak — the worst of the 10 that Congo has endured.
Mr Muyembe, 77, pioneered the use of survivors’ blood serum — which contains antibodies — in order to save patients. The two new treatments descend in part from his original research, the New York Times said.
Ebola is a virus that is transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids of someone infected with the virus or who has died from it, or through blood, body fluids or tissues of infected fruit bats or primates.
Symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, fatigue, vomiting, severe headache, weakness, diarrhea, abdominal pain or unexplained haemorrhaging, occur within two to 21 days of coming in contact with the virus.
Currently, there is no approved vaccine or treatment for the virus, so prevention is crucial, the CDC states.
Trials like “Together Save Lives” have been introduced in areas like the Congo during outbreaks to test what treatments may be most effective for infected patients.
Just under a month ago, the Ebola outbreak in Congo was declared a global health emergency.
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