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L-R: Dr Oziegbe Oghide; Mrs Lizzette Njideka Ezenekwe; and Dr Olujide Joshua Sodeinde
Chinasa Kalu, a mother of three, recounts her harrowing experience battling a resistant strain of malaria for weeks without relief.
“As soon as I developed symptoms,” she said, “I started preparing herbal concoctions, they’re affordable. But after three days, there was no improvement.”
Kalu wasn’t alone. Her one-year-old daughter, Kate, was also battling malaria. In a desperate bid for affordable treatment, her husband, a petty trader, unknowingly purchased a substandard artemisinin-lumefantrine combination, which failed to produce any recovery. Eventually, Kalu had to visit the local health centre for treatment.
“I thought malaria treatment for children under five was supposed to be free or heavily subsidised,” she lamented. “To my shock, I was given a bill of N15,000 for my baby.”
The Case for Renewed Investment in Malaria
Malaria, an endemic disease in the African region is preventable and curable, but could be deadly without prompt diagnosis and treatment. Cases abound of preventable malaria deaths in the region, as the disease claimed nearly 600 000 lives, in 2023 alone, with an estimated 95 per cent of these deaths occurring in the WHO African region. Pregnant women and children under five years of age constitute the vulnerable group to malaria, which necessitates investment and reinvestment in funding malaria prevention programmes to safe the future generation of Africa.
World Malaria Day, commemorated on every 25 April, is an initiative of the World Health Organisqation (WHO), championed by WHO Member States in 2007, to raise awareness about the fight against malaria and encourage action to minimise impacts on vulnerable populations like Kalu’s family above. For this year’s celebration, the WHO joins the RBM Partnership to end malaria and other partners in promoting the theme, “Malaria Ends With Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite,’ a grassroots campaign that aims to re-energise efforts at all levels, from global policy to community action, to accelerate progress towards malaria elimination.
Public health experts are urging African governments to focus on malaria funding, especially in light of significant aid reductions. Top among these is the impact of U.S. aid cuts under the President Donald Trump administration, compounded by economic downturns and climate change.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) previous commitment to malaria prevention in the late 1990s yielded significant result, as an estimated 2.2 billion cases and nearly 13 million deaths were averted over more than two decades. But after years of steady decqlines, progress has stalled. Yet efforts to control and eliminate malaria are in jeopardy as communities and programmes face the fallout of recent funding cuts.
Nigeria Faces Worst Hit
Nigeria, with the highest global burden of malaria, accounting for an estimated 30 per cent of all malaria cases worldwide, has been a major recipient of U.S. foreign aid, receiving $1.02 billion in 2023, much of it through agencies like USAID. While the Nigerian government is said to be making plans to bridge the funding gap, stakeholders are calling for accelerated implementation to safe the at risk population.
Expressing his thoughts on the development, a Consultant Family Physician and Certified Healthcare Manager, Dr Oziegbe Oghide, acknowledged the huge impact of US funding on the Nigerian health sector over the years, the cessation of which will adversely affect malaria intervention programmes, except there are urgent interventions from government. “The USAID funding to Nigeria has primarily been to the health sector over the years and shockingly according to data constitutes about 51.7 per cent of Nigeria’s total expenditure on health from 2020-2024.
“This simply means that the effect is going to be felt by the Nigerian populace especially in the area of malaria prevention and control. The prices of common antimalarial therapy has tripled, this coupled with the harsh economic realities would lead to a possible epidemic if something drastic is not done.
“The effect is far reaching, he stated, “from the retailers of these medications who would probably go for cheaper and fake medications as a way of maximizing profits to the final consumers who may venture into other cheaper unorthodox and less effective means of treatment. On the long run, there is likely to be more morbidity and mortality.”
Also speaking exclusively with Pharmanewsonline, the Medical Director of HGJ-Victory Medical Centre, Ikorodu, Dr Olujide Joshua Sodeinde, aired his fears on how the abrupt USAID funding freeze, could badly hit the vulnerable group thereby frustrating progress made in the years past.
“It surely will be felt in the areas of malaria prevention especially in the distribution of insecticides treated nets. This usually help with malaria prevention in the vulnerable groups like pregnant women and children under five. Also with the use free drugs given to pregnant women as intermittent preventive treatment for malaria using the sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine preparations.
“The effects, though may not be seen now but if the Federal Ministry of Health do not rise up to close this gap, we may begin to see the effects as increase malaria burdens especially in under five and maternal morbidity and mortality along with malaria-related abortions, still births, and low birth weight newborns.”
Climate Change Fueling Mosquito Transmission
In her contributions, a Climatologist and Lecturer at the Department of Geography and Meteorology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Mrs Lizzette Njideka Ezenekwe, emphasised the impact of climate change on the transmission of anopheles mosquitoes in tropical areas like Nigeria, calling for climate smart strategies and tools to mitigate spread.
Ezenekwe, who is also a pharmacist and national publicity secretary, of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, highlighted how extremely hot climate has been detrimental n fast tracking the incubation period of anopheles mosquitoes, the primary vector of malaria.
“Temperature has an inverse relationship with the extrinsic incubation period of malaria parasite development,” she asserted. “In other words, increasing temperature shortens the time it takes for the parasites to mature. This increases the infection rate of mosquitoes.
“Land use change influence microclimatic conditions like evapotranspiration and temperature, thereby making mosquitoes more abundant. It means that in habitats or urban environments that are treeless, the environment tends to be warmer, affects indoor temperature, which shortens the gonotrophic cycle of female anopheles gambiae. The implication is increased infection rates,” the climatologist explained.
A Call to Action
The challenges notwithstanding, the professionals didn’t leave Nigerians hopeless.
For Dr Oghide, a fundamental change in Nigeria’s healthcare financing model would suffice. “The way out is for the government to increase the funding on health and as a sovereign nation, we should not always depend on other nations and foreign aids as a way out,” he quipped.
Mrs Ezenekwe, emphasised that climate change must be addressed as a major public health threat. “Leveraging satellite data and AI for robust weather and environmental monitoring, with community-centred approach are essential to prevent malaria resurgence and protect the most vulnerable populations.”
As Nigeria continues in search of sustainable solutions to malaria, experts agreed the time is now to end malaria with us. They recommended investment in climate resilience infrastructure, creation of access to healthcare at the grassroots level, with the provision of insecticides treated nets, reliable diagnostic kits and treatment to bring about reduction in morbidity and mortality from malaria.
…Spotlights L’Artchem as a reliable solution in Nigeria’s malaria fight
Suraj Jobanputra, CEO, Chemiron Care Limited
As the global community marks World Malaria Day 2025, Chemiron Care Limited, one of Nigeria’s foremost pharmaceutical companies, has called on Nigerians to intensify the fight against malaria through timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and increased public awareness. It emphasised that the use of trusted antimalarial medications, such as its flagship brand L’Artchem, remains vital to achieving a malaria-free Nigeria.
The pharma company made the call on Friday, 25 April, which is a day recognised by the United Nations (UN), to raise awareness on malaria at the national and international levels, through a press release signed by its Chief Executive Officer, Suraj Jobanputra, and made available to Pharmanewsonline in commemoration of this year’s World Malaria Day.
This year’s theme, “Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, reimagine, reignite,” underscores the urgent need to reinvigorate global, national, and local responses to one of the world’s oldest and deadliest diseases.
World Malaria Day offers a sobering reminder of the disease’s turbulent history. In the 1960s, global eradication efforts were making headway until they were abruptly paused in 1969—resulting in millions of preventable deaths. It wasn’t until the late 1990s that the world recommitted to malaria control, preventing an estimated 2.2 billion cases and 12.7 million deaths since then. However, progress has since stalled, and malaria continues to claim a life nearly every minute—mostly in the WHO African Region.
In 2023 alone, more than 260 million malaria cases were recorded worldwide, with Africa accounting for 95 percent. Nigeria remains the epicentre of the crisis, bearing the world’s highest malaria mortality rate, particularly among children under five. Factors such as climate change, conflicts, humanitarian emergencies, and economic instability are severely disrupting malaria interventions and placing millions at greater risk.
Amid these challenges, Jobanputra disclosed that Chemiron has remained a dependable force in Nigeria’s health sector. For decades, he noted that the company has delivered quality, accessible, and effective pharmaceutical products. At the forefront of its malaria response is L’Artchem, a high-performance antimalarial therapy trusted by healthcare providers and patients alike.
Formulated through rigorous scientific research, “L’Artchem is known for its fast-acting and long-lasting relief. It provides up to three times faster parasite clearance compared to many alternatives and maintains a consistent 95 percent cure rate. Its gentle formulation reduces the risk of side effects, making it suitable for children, adults, and the elderly.
“It also offers broad protection against multiple malaria strains and ensures post-treatment coverage, reducing the chances of recurrence.”
He stressed that the fight against malaria requires more than institutional intervention. Personal responsibility is essential, and the public is urged to ensure that confirmed malaria cases are treated with reliable drugs especially in high-endemic areas where prompt and complete treatment can save lives and prevent transmission.
This year, the World Health Organisation and the RBM Partnership to End Malaria are urging stakeholders across the globe to rethink their strategies, reinvest in proven interventions, and reignite commitment at every level.
Jobanputra expressed Chemiron’s full alignment with this vision and reaffirmed their dedication to delivering dependable pharmaceutical solutions while advocating for a healthier, malaria-free Nigeria.
The fight against malaria is far from over, but with sustained efforts from government, healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical companies, and individuals, eliminating the disease is possible.
The Federal Ministry of Women Affairs (FMoWA) has partnered with key stakeholders in the energy sector to end premature deaths caused by firewood and traditional cooking stoves toxins.
Minister of Women Affairs, Hajiya Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim, said this during a multi-stakeholder engagement in Abuja on Wednesday, expressing optimism that the initiative would end energy poverty for Nigerian women.
Sulaiman-Ibrahim added that through the use of solar powered equipment for agricultural development, the initiative would promote clean home solutions.
“Over 80,000 women die prematurely from the toxic smoke of firewood and traditional cooking stoves; hence the efforts aim to reach Nigerian women across all 774 Local Government Areas.
“Energy poverty is not just a technical challenge, it is a social injustice.
“It locks women in cycles of unpaid labour, economic dependence, and health risks. In many communities, women spend up to eight hours a week gathering firewood.
“Through this initiative, we will provide access to energy through solar home systems, clean cooking technologies, solar water pumps, e-mobility tools, and other productive-use appliances in every corner of this nation,” she said.
Mr Abba Abubakar-Aliyu, Managing Director, Rural Electrification Agency (REA), said under the 550 million dollars Nigerian Electrification Project, about eight million Nigerians and 35,000 businesses were impacted, out of which 12,000 were women led businesses.
He added that President Bola Tinubu approved 750 million dollars off grid project out of which 410 million dollars had been earmarked for mini grids and 240 million dollars for solar home system.
“So, there is a huge opportunity for us to replicate and to make sure that we scale this intervention across the country,” he said.
Mr Khalil Halilu, Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Executive Officer, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), described energy poverty as one of the greatest barriers to the advancement of women, especially in rural communities.
Halilu was represented by Dr Olayode Olasupo, Director, Manufacturing Services, NASENI.
According to him, poverty ranges from a lack of access to clean energy for cooking to access to energy for lighting and other essential social systems.
“This thereby limits access to critical services, restricts economic opportunities and compromises health and safety,” he said.
An array of HIV/AIDS drugs. Image Source: Daily Nation
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and the National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) have called for the local production of HIV/AIDS kits and medications to address the funding shortfall in the fight against the disease.
The call was made during the opening ceremony of a three-day stakeholder engagement on the Review and Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Programmes under the HIV and AIDS Anti-Discrimination Act of 2014.
Both agencies raised concerns following the withdrawal of funding by the United States Government to the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the global body coordinating efforts against HIV/AIDS.
Speaking on the sidelines of the event, Executive Secretary of the NHRC, Dr Tony Ojukwu, emphasised the need for improved research and development in the local production of antiretroviral drugs and related medical kits.
“Nigeria made a bold move in 2014 by enacting the HIV/AIDS Anti-Discrimination Act. Ten years on, we had hoped to have achieved the objectives of the law,” he said.
“However, as of now, only 18 out of Nigeria’s 36 states have adopted the Act. Its primary purpose was to eliminate discrimination against individuals living with HIV/AIDS, particularly in workplaces, healthcare facilities, and public spaces,” Ojukwu added.
He noted that in spite of the progress, full nationwide compliance with the law was still lacking.
“This is the reason for this stakeholder meeting—to unify voices, reignite commitment, and bridge the gaps preventing the full implementation of the law.
“Where amendments are needed, we will discuss them. Our goal is zero discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS,” he said.
Ojukwu further explained that the engagement presented an opportunity to address the growing financial constraints resulting from the reduction in international support.
“With this kind of gathering, it’s time to reflect on the situation. We must begin to look inward and prioritise local production of drugs.
“Where local manufacturing is not yet feasible, the government should support research into new drug development,” he said.
He also proposed public-private partnerships with international drug manufacturers to negotiate subsidies and reduce costs.
“There are many creative approaches we can take, including identifying alternative sources of funding,” Ojukwu added.
“There are many creative ways to explore alternative sources of funding,” he said.
Ojukwu added, “In Nigeria, we have well-meaning individuals who are capable of covering some of these costs. It is not mandatory that all funding must come from America or other Western countries.
“We have philanthropists who can support these initiatives.
“It’s simply a matter of creating awareness—once people understand the needs, they will be more likely to redirect their resources toward them.
“If we create more awareness, more Nigerians will see this as a viable area where they can channel their efforts and resources,” said Ojukwu.
According to him, the government also needs to step up its commitment by increasing the percentage of funding allocated to health.
“If we take responsibility and act accordingly, our reliance on foreign aid can be significantly reduced.”
Ojukwu emphasised that anti-discrimination efforts should not rest solely on the Federal Government.
“The state governments have their roles too. Currently, only 18 out of the 36 states have adopted the anti-discrimination law. The remaining states must follow suit,” he said.
“We want the public to know that the NHRC is ready to provide the necessary leadership among stakeholders to make the anti-discrimination law a reality.”
Dr Chukwugozie Ujam, Deputy Director of Community and Prevention Care Services at the National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), also spoke on the agency’s achievements in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
“After years of battling HIV/AIDS since its discovery in the early 1980s, Nigeria launched its treatment programme in 1986,” he said.
“We have continued to support all efforts in this fight, and our participation in this conference reflects our ongoing commitment to combating stigma and discrimination.”
According to Ujam, misinformation still surrounds HIV/AIDS in spite of decades of awareness campaigns.
“People living with HIV/AIDS should be able to access care free of stigma and discrimination.
“Nigeria has signed an agreement on anti-discrimination laws, but societal behaviour still needs to align with these laws,” he explained.
“Many actions that people may think are normal actually constitute discrimination. Identifying and addressing such behaviours through education is key.”
Ujam, who spoke.on its progress said, “AIDS has largely been brought under control in Nigeria, and prevalence rates had dropped significantly.
“However, this progress has led to complacency. We must continue emphasising abstinence, protection, and preventive measures.”
He reiterated that NACA was shifting focus from treatment to prevention to avoid a resurgence of the disease.
“We have moved past the initial treatment phase. Now, we’re prioritising prevention to further reduce new infections and maintain the gains we have made.”
Ujam also stressed the importance of promoting local production of essential commodities.
“We partner with agencies like NAFDAC, the Laboratory Council of Nigeria, and the Manufacturers Association to ensure local production—not just of antiretroviral drugs but also testing kits,” he said.
“By doing so, we can sustain the treatment program, boost local manufacturing, and create jobs. It’s a win-win situation.”
He urged the government to create an enabling environment for local manufacturers.
“Even offering rebates for the importation of raw materials could make a big difference,” he said.
“We’ve conducted studies and know that empowering local production of antiretroviral drugs and related medical supplies is crucial to sustaining the fight against HIV/AIDS,” Ujam added.
“With a decline in donor funding—especially from sources like the U.S.—Nigeria must take ownership. We may not be infected, but we are all affected by the virus’s spread.”
He stressed that the Ministry of Health had increased its funding for disease control, aiming to improve treatment for both communicable and non-communicable diseases across the country.
Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 (cobalamin) are correct? 1 ❏ Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation 2 ❏ Deficiency of vitamin B12 may lead to macrocytic anaemia and neurological symptoms 3 ❏ Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the stomach with the aid of hydrochloric acid alone
Instructions: Choose: A ❏ if 1, 2, and 3 are correct B ❏ if 1 and 2 only are correct C ❏ if 2 and 3 only are correct D ❏ if 1 only is correct E ❏ if 3 only is correct
Azanza garckeana (Family: Malvaceae) Exell and Hillc, a multipurpose edible fruit native to tropical Africa, is said to be grown only in Tula village, Gombe State, Nigeria. It is commonly known as Goron Tula (Tula kola) in Hausa, ọgwụ mgbochi (meaning “preventative medicine”) in Igbo, and àwọn ọ̀sàn ìgbé (which translates to “fruit of the bush”) in Yoruba. However, it is not widely recognised by a single, universally accepted name in Yoruba culture.
Common names for Goron Tula include African chewing gum, miracle fruit, and snot apple (English); tree hibiscus (Botswana); Thespesia garckeana (binomial name); nkole (Sri Lanka); and silky kola.
Constituents
Goron Tula seeds contain essential vitamins such as vitamins A, E, C, and B-complex, as well as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and fibre. They also provide important minerals, including calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and manganese. Extracts of the fruit have been found to contain alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, glucosides, phenols, polyphenols, antioxidants, lipids, tannins, and saponins.
Preparations
The fruit is often eaten raw, either fresh or dried. The seed can be chewed, often alongside chewing gum. It is also available in powdered form and is used in various recipes, including jams, jellies, juices, sauces, soups, and porridges. Additionally, it can be found in the form of capsules and syrups.
Goron Tula can be soaked in water or honey before consumption. It can also be cooked with hot water and used to make porridge. Additionally, it can be mixed with other herbs. The leaves, bark, and roots of the tree are used in traditional medicine preparation.
Pharmacological actions and medicinal uses
Research has shown that Goron Tula possesses antibacterial, antifungal, hypoglycaemic, blood pressure-lowering, antimalarial, antioxidant, wound-healing, and iron absorption-enhancing properties. It is therefore used as a herbal remedy for ailments such as chest pain, cough, infertility, liver problems, menstrual disorders, and sexually transmitted infections.
Studies indicate that the fruit increases fertility rates in women and enhances libido in men. It is also known to cleanse the vagina of unpleasant odours and provide natural lubrication, making intercourse easier. Other health benefits of Goron Tula include aiding digestion, enhancing bowel movement, strengthening the immune system, and managing asthma.
Additionally, Goron Tula is believed to alleviate chest pain by dispersing excess mucus from the lungs and sinuses into the bloodstream. It has been traditionally used as a natural aphrodisiac for generations by both men and women. It is also used to relieve menstrual cramps and regulate menstruation. Furthermore, the plant serves as a herbal remedy for hepatic (liver-related) impairments.
Adverse effects
Although Goron Tula is generally considered safe, it may cause allergic reactions in some individuals, which can manifest as headaches, dizziness, nausea, breast tenderness, weight changes, mood swings, and acne (which may either improve or worsen, but typically improves). Overconsumption may trigger an early menstrual period and, if eaten excessively, has been suggested to have potential carcinogenic effects.
Economic uses and potentials
Goron Tula has been a source of business and income for many people in Tula, with the trade being passed down through generations. There is an increasing demand for the fruit both locally and globally, with potential applications in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and beverage industries.
Locally, the fruit costs between ₦4,000 and ₦10,000 for 10 fruits or approximately ₦23,000 for 50 fruits.
By Pharm. Ngozika Okoye MSc, MPH, FPCPharm
(Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency)
Email: ngozikaokoye@yahoo.com
References
Yusuf, A.A., Lawal, B., Sani, S. et al. (2020). Pharmacological activities of Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula) grown in Nigeria. Clinical Phytoscience, 6(27). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-020-00173-0
Genetically modified illustration. Image source: Ky Ag
The Federal Government has reaffirmed commitment to promoting biotechnology for national development, defending the safety of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in food and medicine.
Dr Iziaq Adekunle Salako, the Minister of State for Health and Social Welfare, reaffirmed the government’s position during a collaborative meeting with the Open Forum on Agricultural Biotechnology (OFAB) in Africa-Nigeria Chapter and National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA) on Tuesday in Abuja.
Salako, who described biotechnology as “cornerstone of innovation”, said it is capable of transforming healthcare delivery, tackle malnutrition, boost food security and improve environmental sustainability.
He said “biotechnology opens doors to innovative diagnostics, precision medicine, regenerative therapies and improved vaccines.
“It offers immense promise to addressing endemic diseases, maternal and child health and nutritional deficiencies, especially among children.”
The minister added that responsible use of biotechnology must go hand-in-hand with robust biosafety frameworks to ensure public trust and environmental protection.
“With great promise comes great responsibility. Biosafety is the bedrock of our efforts,” he noted.
Addressing widespread public misconceptions, he defended the safety of GMOs, citing more than 2,000 studies and endorsements from global scientific organisations, including the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and more than 275 independent scientific bodies.
He said “there is no credible evidence linking GMOs to cancer or other health risks, on the contrary, some genetically modified foods have been proven to offer superior health benefits. Our policies must be guided by facts, not fear.”
The minister, therefore, urged critics with contrary evidence to come forward for open scientific dialogue, reiterating that public policy would continue to be shaped by science, rather than commercial or vested interests.
He said the President Bola Tinubu administration’s Renewed Hope Agenda places science and innovation at the heart of national development and aims to position Nigeria as Africa’s “Blue Zone”, a region of longevity, productivity and prosperity.
He assured that the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare would intensify collaboration with agencies like the National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA) and the National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA).
Among others were the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to ensure proper regulation, labelling and public education around biotechnology products.
“We are committed to creating a future where biotechnology and biosafety converge to create a healthier, more sustainable Nigeria,” he said.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the meeting brought together researchers, policymakers, regulatory agencies and civil society organisations to deepen understanding of biotechnology and biosafety and to chart a collaborative path forward. (NAN)
The Lagos State Number Plate Production Authority (LSNPPA) has finalised plans to introduce number plates which will identify and recognise People with Disabilities (PwDs)
The state Commissioner for Transportation, Mr Oluwaseun Osiyemi, said this at the 2025 Ministerial Press Briefing in commemoration of the second year of the second term in office of Gov. Babajide Sanwo-Olu, on Tuesday in Lagos.
Osiyemi said that the initiative was in line with the THEMES Plus Agenda of the Sanwo-Olu administration on inclusion.
On achievement of LSNPPA from May 2024 to March 2025, the commissioner said that it produced 218,400 standard number plates for both private and commercial vehicles.
Osiyemi said that the LSNPPA served as the manufacturing arm of the state government, adding that it was responsible for producing vehicle number plates for Lagos State.
He said that in the past two decades, the authority had expanded to include production of aluminum-based road furniture, aligning with the state’s infrastructure and aesthetics development goals.
“The authority is also into the production of customised 716 fancy motor vehicle plates and 347 motorcycle fancy plates for vehicle owners, on request,” he said.
The commissioner added that LSNPPA produced 224 out-of-series number plates on special requests and unique numbering needs.
“The authority issued 11,152 standard number plate replacements, 212 motorcycle plate replacements, and 63 standard fancy replacements to maintain accurate vehicle identification.
“They also produced 428 official number plates, 1,510 dealer plates and 4,000 articulated vehicle plates,” he said.
Osiyemi said that the authority, in collaboration with Federal Road Safety Corps, was developing initiatives that would lead to production of number plates that would align with Go Green initiatives.
On fading of number plates, he said that the state made use of quality materials in producing its plate number.
“We should also understand that fading of number plate is a function of the kind of material we use to wash our cars which are very corrosive.
“We should also know that man has a life span. So also are plate numbers, and they should be changed when the need arises,” he said.
Which of the following statements about serum creatinine and kidney function are correct? 1 ❏ Serum creatinine levels may remain normal in early stages of kidney disease 2 ❏ Creatinine clearance provides a more accurate estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than serum creatinine alone 3 ❏ Serum creatinine levels are unaffected by muscle mass
Instructions: Choose: A ❏ if 1, 2, and 3 are correct B ❏ if 1 and 2 only are correct C ❏ if 2 and 3 only are correct D ❏ if 1 only is correct E ❏ if 3 only is correct
People engaging in exercise. Image Source; Expat Living
The term silent killer refers to any phenomenon that gradually causes harm without the knowledge of its victims until it eventually leads to death. In medical terms, silent killers are diseases that exist in the body unnoticed until the condition deteriorates and results in fatal consequences.
Medical professionals have identified high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes as two of the most common silent killers. These diseases often go undetected for long periods and can ultimately lead to death.
Dr Marc Eisenberg, an associate professor of Medicine at Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and a cardiologist, has highlighted that one in five people with high blood pressure are unaware they have the condition, making hypertension a silent killer. Similarly, Dr Monika Sharma, consultant in diabetes and endocrinology at HCMCT Manipal Hospital, Dwarka, India, explains that diabetes is a silent killer because it often presents no symptoms in its early stages. She states that when symptoms emerge, they are usually related to organ damage, such as nerve damage in the feet, impaired blood supply to the eyes, and kidney function loss.
Due to the dangerous nature of these diseases, doctors unanimously recommend regular medical check-ups to ensure early detection and management.
Exercise as a preventive measure
While medication and dietary modifications are essential for managing hypertension and diabetes, regular exercise—especially walking and running—has been proven to help prevent and control these conditions.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) advises that increasing walking frequency and intensity significantly reduces diabetes risk. In one of its health tips, the ADA states that the more you walk, especially at a faster pace, the lower your risk of developing diabetes. It recommends aiming for 10,000 steps per day or at least 30 minutes daily to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. If walking for 30 minutes at once feels challenging, it suggests splitting it into smaller chunks by walking for ten minutes in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Higher daily step counts improve the likelihood of reaching blood glucose (blood sugar) targets, making walking an essential part of a daily routine.
Research from the Milken Institute School of Public Health at George Washington University also suggests that short post-meal walks can help older adults regulate blood sugar levels and lower their risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A study published in the American Diabetes Association Journal found that three short 15-minute walks after meals were as effective in reducing blood sugar levels over 24 hours as one sustained 45-minute walk at an easy-to-moderate pace. Post-meal walking was significantly more effective at lowering blood sugar for up to three hours after dinner than a single long walk.
Lead researcher Loretta DiPietro emphasised the importance of movement after meals, explaining that most people eat a large meal in the afternoon or evening and then either nap or watch television, which is the worst thing to do. She advises letting the food digest for a while and then getting up to move, particularly after dinner, as research suggests that high post-dinner blood sugar levels strongly influence overall 24-hour glucose levels.
Walking and running for hypertension management
A study by Williams PT and Thompson PD, titled “Walking versus Running for Hypertension, Cholesterol, and Diabetes Mellitus Risk Reduction”, explored the impact of walking and running on health. The researchers examined data from over 33,000 runners and 16,000 walkers and concluded that both walking and running significantly reduce the risks of hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. The study found that runners had a 38 per cent lower risk of developing hypertension and a 71 per cent lower risk of developing diabetes, even more than walkers.
Another study published by the American Academy of Family Physicians reinforced these findings. Conducted by McMullan S, Nguyen C, and Smith DK in 2022, the study, titled “Can Walking Lower Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension?”, examined whether routine walking is an effective way to lower blood pressure. The researchers found that walking lowers systolic blood pressure by 4.11 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.79 mm Hg, both with a 95 per cent confidence level.
The study suggests that a walking regimen of three to five sessions per week, at a moderate intensity for 20 to 40 minutes per session, with a total of at least 150 minutes per week, can lower blood pressure and heart rate in adults, whether or not they have hypertension. The findings align with recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), all of which emphasise lifestyle interventions as a crucial part of hypertension management.
Take action: Start walking and running today
Given that hypertension and diabetes are among the most dangerous silent killers, it is crucial for everyone to adopt walking and running as part of their daily routine. Unlike medication or medical procedures, walking and running are free, making them an easily accessible form of disease prevention.
The earlier one incorporates regular physical activity into daily life, the better the chances of preventing and managing these deadly diseases. So, take a step today—walk and run away from the silent killers!
Caleb Danladi Foundation has enrolled 300 indigent residents of Kwoi in Jaba Local Government Area into the Kaduna State Contributory Health Scheme.
Inaugurating the enrolment at the weekend, Founder of the Foundation, Capt. Caleb Bako, said the initiative was part of the foundation’s commitment to alleviating the burden of healthcare costs among vulnerable groups.
Bako emphasised the importance of universal healthcare access, especially for the poor and underserved.
“Our goal is to bridge the gap in access to healthcare for the less privileged in our communities.
“No one should be left to suffer simply because they cannot afford medical attention,” he added.
The Director General of the Kaduna State Health Management Authority (KADCHMA), Malam Abubakar Hassan, described the gesture as a model for other well-meaning individuals and organisations to emulate.
Represented by Suleiman Abubakar, KADCHMA’s Head of Administration and Finance, Abubakar said that the scheme was designed to ensure that all citizens of Kaduna State could access quality healthcare.
Also speaking, Rev. Jerry Andrew, National President of the Ham Development Association, described the initiative as a step in the right direction for the Ham people.
He urged other elites from the region to follow suit in supporting development-oriented efforts.
Some of the beneficiaries who spoke expressed gratitude to the foundation for coming to their aid.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the health scheme offers a basic health package covering both preventive and curative services for enrollees across accredited public and private health facilities in the state. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Left leg affected by cellulitis: Image Source: Wisenews
Cellulitis is a common yet potentially dangerous skin infection that affects millions worldwide each year. The condition is characterised by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain, typically on the lower legs, although it can affect any area of the skin. It is caused by bacteria, primarily Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, which enter the body through a break in the skin, such as a cut, insect bite, or surgical wound.
Historical background
The understanding of cellulitis and its treatment has evolved significantly over the centuries. In ancient medical history, infections as a cause of disease were not yet understood. People suffering from skin infections like cellulitis were often treated with herbal remedies or crude surgical techniques that lacked the benefit of antiseptics or antibiotics.
The term cellulitis itself is relatively modern, first coined in the 19th century. However, early references to skin infections resembling cellulitis can be traced back to the writings of ancient Greek and Roman physicians such as Hippocrates and Galen. They described various skin conditions, though the exact nature of these infections was not understood. Medical practitioners at the time believed these diseases were caused by imbalances in the body’s hormones, a concept rooted in ancient Greek medicine.
During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, infections were still often seen as divine punishments, and medical treatments were largely ineffective. However, during the 17th and 18th centuries, the field of medicine began to make significant advancements. Anatomists such as Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey made crucial discoveries about the human circulatory and lymphatic systems, which helped in understanding how infections might spread within the body.
The true nature of cellulitis as an infectious disease caused by bacteria began to take shape in the 19th century. The development of germ theory by scientists such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, which proposed that microorganisms cause disease, transformed the understanding of infections. By the late 1800s, doctors were able to link cellulitis to specific bacterial pathogens, though effective antibiotic treatment was still a long way off.
Breakthroughs in treatment
The most significant breakthrough in the management of cellulitis occurred in the 20th century with the discovery of antibiotics. Before this, cellulitis was often a life-threatening condition with limited treatment options. In the early 1900s, physicians attempted to treat cellulitis using surgical drainage and antiseptic treatments, but these methods were not always effective in preventing complications such as sepsis, a life-threatening infection of the bloodstream.
The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, revolutionising the treatment of bacterial infections. By the 1940s, penicillin became widely available, and its effectiveness against Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections made it a cornerstone in the treatment of cellulitis. Over the decades, other antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, clindamycin, and vancomycin, have been developed, expanding the arsenal available to doctors for treating cellulitis and other bacterial infections.
Current management of cellulitis
Antibiotics
The cornerstone of cellulitis treatment is antibiotic therapy. Empirical antibiotic therapy—initiating treatment before identifying the exact causative organism—is usually prescribed when cellulitis is diagnosed. Common first-line antibiotics for cellulitis include oral penicillin, dicloxacillin, or cephalexin for mild cases. For more severe cases, intravenous antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or vancomycin may be administered, particularly if there is concern about MRSA infection.
In severe or complicated cellulitis cases, or when the infection does not improve with initial treatment, doctors may take cultures from the infected area to identify the specific bacteria and adjust the treatment accordingly. For example, MRSA infections may require a different set of antibiotics, such as clindamycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Supportive care
In addition to antibiotics, patients with cellulitis may require supportive care, which typically includes:
Elevation of the affected limb to reduce swelling
Warm compresses to relieve pain
Pain management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or paracetamol.
Surgical intervention
In some cases, cellulitis can lead to the formation of abscesses, which may require drainage. Surgical intervention is typically reserved for cases where there is significant pus buildup or when the infection does not respond to antibiotics.
Prevention and Risk Management
Preventing cellulitis involves addressing risk factors such as:
Managing chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes)
Practising good hygiene
Promptly treating cuts, scrapes, or insect bites to reduce the risk of bacterial entry
For individuals with recurrent cellulitis, prophylactic antibiotics may be considered, particularly if the infection is related to chronic skin conditions or lymphatic issues.
Prof. Stella Smith and Pharm. (Dr) Kingsley Amibor
Public health experts have decried the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nigeria, identifying it as a significant factor contributing to morbidity and mortality rates. They emphasise the need for collective efforts in tackling the growing threat, warning that failure to do so could further cripple the country’s healthcare system.
The experts also highlighted the responsibility of hospitals and healthcare practitioners in addressing this persistent public health challenge. They insist that healthcare professionals must desist from the irrational prescription and administration of antibiotics, as misuse is a major driver of AMR. Additionally, hospitals have a duty to educate patients on the dangers of antibiotic misuse and abuse. They further recommended the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASP) in hospitals as a key strategy for promoting the rational use of antibiotics and curbing AMR.
In separate interviews with Pharmanews, public health experts, Prof. Stella Smith, director of research at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Yaba, Lagos, and Dr Kingsley Chiedu Amibor, director of pharmaceutical services at the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, discussed the havoc AMR has wreaked on Nigeria’s healthcare system and how patients can be protected from this silent killer.
Tracing the root cause of AMR, Smith, a professor of Microbiology at Mountain Top University, identified the irrational prescription of antibiotics as a major reason for the high burden in the country. She supported her argument with findings from a 2024 World Health Organisation (WHO) report on the COVID-19 pandemic, which revealed that only 8 per cent of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria had a bacterial co-infection, yet 75 per cent were prescribed antibiotics.
According to Smith, “During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2024, WHO reported that only 8 per cent of patients had bacterial co-infections. We know that COVID-19 is a viral infection. But 8 per cent had bacterial co-infections.
“But do you know what? 75 per cent of patients were prescribed antibiotics. They were like, ‘Okay, just in case it’s a bacterial infection.’ And that’s one of the major problems we have in terms of antimicrobial resistance—the misuse and abuse of antibiotics and the lack of diagnostic capabilities.”
The professor further condemned the irrational use of antibiotics by healthcare practitioners, citing another study conducted in Nigeria.
“Another example from Nigeria is a report from a tertiary hospital where they examined the number of patients prescribed antibiotics. It turned out that fewer than 25 per cent of patients who visited the hospital actually had bacterial infections, and an even smaller percentage underwent antimicrobial susceptibility tests.”
She emphasised the urgent need for healthcare authorities to take action in saving the lives of over 700,000 people who die annually due to AMR. She urged practitioners to adhere to professional guidelines on antibiotic prescription while maintaining a hygienic environment in healthcare facilities.
Amibor, a consultant clinical pharmacist, corroborated Smith’s views, citing findings from a recent survey which showed that fewer than 40 per cent of patients in the public sector and fewer than 30 per cent in the private sector are treated in accordance with standard antibiotic treatment guidelines. This, he noted, underscores the urgent need for a reorientation towards the rational use of antibiotics.
He advocated a multidisciplinary, collaborative, and regulatory approach as the best model for combating AMR. He urged hospitals to insist on rational prescription and use of antimicrobials, ensure continuous stocking of antibiotics to discourage patients from seeking treatment from unqualified individuals, and ultimately curb AMR.
He said: “Hospitals should improve hand hygiene as well as infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Medical laboratory departments should also maintain records of antibiotic resistance patterns and promptly update the hospital community when resistant strains of microorganisms are observed as part of early detection and control measures.”
According to Amibor, strategies for optimising antimicrobial use include restricting the use of certain antimicrobials to prevent overuse, reviewing antimicrobial prescriptions and providing feedback to prescribers, developing antimicrobial guidelines, and equipping healthcare professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills to prescribe antimicrobials appropriately.
He also stressed the importance of surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to monitor resistance patterns and guide treatment decisions, as well as infection prevention and control measures to reduce infections and, consequently, the need for antimicrobials.
The consultant clinical pharmacist also highlighted the multidisciplinary roles of healthcare team members in containing the AMR pandemic. He stressed that in addition to providing direct patient care, physicians must comply with local infection control and antibiotic use policies. Furthermore, timely notification of resistant cases to IPC units is essential.
Since nurses and other healthcare providers are in direct contact with patients, he warned that they could either help control or worsen the spread of infections.
According to him, “Educating nurses and healthcare providers about AMR and aseptic practices may help control the spread of infections. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers will help protect them and their patients from acquiring or spreading infections, thereby reducing AMR.”
Amibor described pharmacists as playing a crucial role in combating AMR: “Educating patients on the proper use of antibiotics will go a long way in curbing AMR. Patients should be counselled to complete their prescribed medications, avoid sharing antibiotics—especially among children—and refrain from discontinuing medication once they start feeling better.”
I will never forget the day I stepped out of my room and slipped on the tiled floor. I hadn’t noticed the water spill, and before I could steady myself, I fell hard, sustaining painful bruises. Imagine if that had been a child or an elderly person. In contrast, when we lived in a home with rugs, I never had such incidents—but I did experience recurring catarrh due to accumulated dust.
Floor coverings—whether tiles, rugs, or carpets—serve aesthetic, functional, and health-related purposes. However, choosing the right flooring requires careful consideration of its advantages and drawbacks, especially in homes, hospitals, and offices, where safety and hygiene are paramount.
Tiles: Durability vs. safety risks
Tiles are widely used due to their durability, ease of cleaning, and resistance to bacterial growth, making them a preferred choice in hospitals and high-traffic areas. According to the American Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, hospital floors should be non-porous and easily sanitised to prevent contamination.
However, tiles can become dangerously slippery when wet, increasing the risk of falls. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI, 2020) recommends using slip-resistant tiles in areas prone to moisture, such as bathrooms and hospital corridors. In colder climates, tiles can feel uncomfortably cold, discouraging barefoot walking and increasing reliance on heating systems.
While tiles promote hygiene, they can also contribute to joint discomfort due to their hardness, especially for individuals who stand for long periods. The use of anti-fatigue mats in workplaces can help alleviate this issue.
Rugs: Comfort and insulation with health concerns
Rugs add warmth, comfort, and insulation, making spaces feel cosier, particularly in homes and offices. They help retain heat in colder environments and reduce noise levels, making them ideal for workplaces where acoustics matter.
However, rugs also present significant health concerns. They tend to trap dust, allergens, and microbes, which can trigger respiratory problems and allergies. The American Lung Association identified rugs as a major contributor to indoor air pollution, recommending regular vacuuming with HEPA filters to minimise allergen build-up.
Moreover, the Environmental Protection Agency warns that rugs can harbour dust mites, pet dander, and mould, posing a threat to individuals with asthma and other respiratory conditions. If water spills on a rug and is not dried immediately, it can develop a musty odour and encourage mould growth, further compromising air quality.
To address these concerns, the Carpet and Rug Institute suggests deep cleaning every 12–18 months and ensuring proper ventilation to reduce indoor pollutants.
Carpets: Aesthetic appeal with health considerations
Carpets, which cover the entire floor surface, provide aesthetic beauty, warmth, and noise reduction, making them common in homes, hotels, and offices. They create a comfortable walking surface and help reduce noise levels in large spaces.
However, many synthetic carpets contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to chemical treatments used in their manufacturing. The World Health Organisation reported that VOCs emitted from flooring materials can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and, in prolonged exposure, neurological effects.
To improve indoor air quality, WHO recommends choosing natural fibre carpets, such as wool or cotton, that are free from harmful chemical treatments. Additionally, carpets should be cleaned regularly to prevent the accumulation of dust, pollen, and microbes.
Health and safety recommendations for floor coverings
To strike a balance between comfort, hygiene, and safety, health organisations advise making informed flooring choices. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health underscores the importance of selecting non-toxic, hypoallergenic materials in homes, workplaces, and healthcare settings.
Key recommendations include:
Slip-resistant tiles in areas prone to wetness, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and hospitals.
Regular vacuuming and deep cleaning of rugs and carpets to reduce dust and allergens.
Avoiding synthetic carpets with high VOC emissions to minimise indoor air pollution.
Opting for quality-certified flooring, which ensures low chemical emissions and promotes better air quality.
Using anti-fatigue mats in offices and healthcare settings to reduce joint strain from standing on hard surfaces.
Conclusion
The choice of floor coverings goes beyond aesthetics—it directly impacts health, safety, and maintenance needs. From my personal experiences—slipping on tiles and suffering dust-related allergies from rugs—I have encountered both benefits and challenges associated with different flooring materials.
By making informed decisions and considering expert recommendations, we can create safer, healthier environments in homes, hospitals, and offices. Floor coverings do more than enhance a space—they shape our well-being.
As we reflect on the powerful message of Easter—the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ—this teaching, “Beware of Self-Righteousness,” reminds us that salvation is never earned by good works, moral effort, or religious activity.
Like a car stuck in the sand, our attempts to rescue ourselves through self-righteousness only sink us deeper into spiritual failure. We are born into sin and can only be saved by the grace of God through faith in Christ Jesus. This is a humbling truth that breaks pride and draws us closer to the cross, where mercy triumphs over judgment.
The Easter season is a time to surrender every attempt at self-justification and embrace the finished work of Jesus. Only by abiding in Him can we bear fruit and walk in true righteousness.
No matter how strong or disciplined we think we are, we all need grace daily. This message is for every believer striving to live a holy life without leaning fully on God. Let this word awaken your heart to the truth: it is not by works, but by His sacrifice that we are saved.
A newly born baby through C-Section. Photo Source: Getty Images
The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Pate, has announced that more than 4,000 women have benefited from the Federal Government’s free Cesarean section (C-section) initiative since its inauguration.
Pate disclosed this in Abuja during a media conference marking the 2025 Safe Motherhood Day.
The theme of this year’s celebration is “Innovating for Safer Birth: A Collective Responsibility to Crash Maternal Mortality,” with the slogan “Care for Moms, Hope for the Babies.”
Celebrated annually on 11 April, Safe Motherhood Day aims to raise awareness about maternal health.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that in November 2024, Pate revealed that the Federal Government would offer free C-sections for all women in need, as part of efforts to reduce maternal mortality.
This initiative is part of the Maternal Mortality Reduction Innovation and Initiatives (MAMII) project, which aims to improve access to quality healthcare and reduce maternal and newborn mortality rates.
Pate emphasised that the government was committed to ensuring no woman dies during childbirth and that every newborn receives the care and dignity they deserve.
He outlined several ongoing government efforts to ensure safe deliveries, including the Health Sector Renewal Investment initiative, which addressed long-standing challenges in the health system.
“Under this initiative, we have strengthened the Primary Health Care system to ensure better access to quality maternal, newborn, and child health services.
“We are scaling up Comprehensive Emergency Maternal, Obstetric, and Newborn Care, especially for indigent and vulnerable populations.
“More than 4,000 women have already received caesarean sections, treated, and reimbursed through the National Health Insurance Authority’s emergency obstetric care programme,” Pate explained.
He said that the government had also expanded coverage of skilled birth attendants in underserved areas and broadened health insurance coverage
“The National Emergency Medical Services and Ambulance System has been strengthened, with 23 states empanelled.
“Additionally, the Free Fistula Programme, offering free repair, care, and transportation, is currently active in 15 facilities.”
Pate said that these reforms were already showing positive results, with improved health indicators in several states.
Addressing the theme of Safe Motherhood Day, Pate called on all Nigerians to take responsibility for ensuring safer childbirth for every woman, regardless of her background or location.
Dr Walter Mulombo, Country Director of the World Health Organisation, also spoke on behalf of development partners.
He emphasised that safe motherhood started with comprehensive health security and called for continued investment in maternal and newborn health services, particularly in hard-to-reach areas.
He urged the government to enact and uphold laws that would protect women’s and children’s health rights, including maternity protection and access to sexual and reproductive health services.
The event culminated in the launch of key policy and guideline documents aimed at advancing safe motherhood.
These included the Safe Motherhood Strategy (2024-2028), Guidelines for Managing Postpartum Haemorrhage, Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Guidelines, Essential Gynaecological Skills Manuals, and the National Training Manual for Obstetric Fistula Management.
NAN also reports that these documents underscore the government’s commitment to building a resilient, people-centred health system that proactively addresses maternal health challenges. (NAN)
Chairman, House of Representatives Committee on Legislative Compliance, Alhaji Yusuf Ahmed-Badau (middle), Director General, NNMDA, Prof. Martins Emeje, (2nd from right); Best Intern Award Winner, Pharm. Barakat Murtala; and other members of the representative entourage during the visit.
Towards boosting the production and promotion of natural medicines for enhanced healthcare accessibility for all Nigerians, the National House of Assembly (NASS) has expressed interest in extending the functional presence of the Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA) to every Local Government Area (LGA) across the country, through the creation of offices for the agency in all LGAs.
This, the NASS said will bring about development to the practice of natural medicine in the country, as done in other countries like India, China and Japan, as well as create employment opportunities for Nigerian youths.
The Chairman, House of Representatives Committee on Legislative Compliance, Alhaji Yusuf Ahmed-Badau, made this commitment during a working visit to the NNMDA headquarters in Lagos, on Wednesday.
Alhaji Ahmed-Badau, who expressed his delight in the strides of the agency over the years, and it’s potential in becoming a significant source of external revenue for the country, if handled appropriately, pledged to further discuss the possibilities of equipping the agency with 15,000 staff as well as more funds for the advancement of healthcare in the country, with little or no foreign dependency.
Chairman, House of Representatives Committee on Legislative Compliance, Alhaji Yusuf Ahmed-Badau, in the company of the Director General, NNMDA, Prof. Martins Emeje, presenting a laptop and a certificate to the Best Intern Award Winner, Pharm. Barakat Murtala, during the event.
“I am highly impressed and delighted with what I’ve seen in this building” he said, “and promised to help this great institution.
“However, my hope is for you to have an office and hospital in every ward and local government in Nigeria, in order to provide job opportunities for our teaming youth’s population and affordable treatment for all tropical diseases in Nigeria and drugs to all Nigerians at cheaper rates.”
He continued by emphasising the economic importance of the agency, if its tentacles are spread to all states and LGAs to harness the natural plants there into standardised herbs for different ailments in Nigeria and beyond, arguing that this will definitely enhance reduction in the cost of drugs, and ultimately reduce dependence on foreign medicines.
The Director General, NNMDA, Prof. Martins Emeje, who received Ahmed-Badau and his entourage with profound pleasure, appreciated the Federal Government of Nigeria’s support to the agency, with pictorial display of projects and outreaches implemented with fund allocated to the agency.
An enthusiastic and confident Emeje, passionate of the possibilities in natural medicines, averred that the nation will witness a turnaround in revenue generation, if the agency could be entrusted with 15,000 staff to comb all the nooks and crannies of the country, to harvest and develop medicinal plants for herbal drugs development.
He noted that the agency is not limited to plants development, but also plays a significant role in livestock management for therapeutic formulations to encourage the use of locally made animal medicines.
“We are excited and we feel highly fulfilled to have the Chairman, House of Representatives Committee on Legislative Compliance with us today. With this visit, Nigerians, finally are about to be liberated from the shackles of colonialism and over dependence on importation of medicines that are indigenous to other people because they use their brain, while it appears we are not using our brains.
“The presence of the committee here shows that the resolution is being achieved. So that’s the first thing, that the committee left Abuja to come to the agency has been directed, shows that the resolution is being achieved. The next thing is to put life into that resolution, that is provide the two big supports we have requested- the financial support and the human support,” he said.
The NNMDA DG continued, “I need at least 15,000 staff to get this country to turn around and nobody will be looking for oil money. I mean nobody will look for oil money if they give me 15,000 staff to be deployed to 20 local governments.
“If this is granted, in 12 months, this country will be a net exporter of medicinal plants and natural medicines both in their raw form processed and standardised and as medical products for intervention. With this development, people will now have what we call 100% access to medicine and universal health coverage, using our own natural medicines as the core.”
The highpoint of the event was the decoration of Alhaji Yusuf Ahmed-Badau as a natural medicine ambassador and the presentation of the Best Intern Award to Pharm.Barakat Murtala, who was recognised for her exceptional performance in the pharmaceutical section of the agency.
The President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN), Pharm. Tanko Ayuba, on Tuesday, commissioned the long anticipated national secretariat of the Association of Industrial Pharmacists of Nigeria (NAIP), otherwise known as “NAIP House” in Lagos.
The NAIP House is located at Ike God Street, Ajao Estate, Oshodi- Isolo Local Government Area of Lagos State.
While speaking shortly before the official commissioning of the house at the commissioning ceremony, the National Chairman of NAIP, Pharm. Ken Onuegbu described the national secretariat as a legacy project, noting that the building is the first property of the association.
NAIP, it should be noted, has been in existence for 47 years, as it was founded in 1977, operating in rented apartments.
The NAIP chairman pointed to the national secretariat as a turning point for the association as it will provide a solid foundation for expanded influence, operational efficiency and sustained growth. Reminiscing, Onuegbu said “despite its pivotal role, NAIP operated for 47 years without a permanent base of operation, a limitation that did not dampen our impact but underscored the need for a more stable and symbolic base.
L-R: NAIP Chairman, Ken Onuegbu; Former PSN President, Pharm. Azubike Okwor: PSN President, Pharm. Tanko Ayuba; Immediate Past PSN President, Prof. Cyril Usifoh; Past Chairman of NAIP, Pharm Samson Yomi Osewa ; Pharmanews Publisher, Pharm. (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi; and MD, Alpha Pharmacy and Stores, Pharm. (Sir) IKe Onyechi, at the commissioning of NAIP House.
“Our new national secretariat in Lagos is not just a structure, it is a legacy. It is a testament to the perseverance of our past and present leaders. It gave us the foundation to expand our impact and better serve our members and the broader healthcare system. It also provides a platform for the association to host industry-specific training, strategic and collaborative forums; enhance administrative efficiency and continuity in leadership transitions and then foster a stronger identity and sense of belonging among members”, Onuegbu said, adding that it will attract partnerships and funding for pharmaceutical innovation and advocacy.
Onuegbu also noted that the NAIP House will feature a specialised library dedicated to pharmaceutical technology, a showroom for displaying research output from member companies, and a research centre to foster collaboration between NAIP and its fellow technical group.
He said “With this acquisition, NAIP is poised to amplify its voice in national health discourse and for our school policy. The association leadership has reaffirmed its commitment to driving local pharmaceutical production, regulatory compliance, and innovation”.
The commissioning of the industrial pharmacists’ association secretariat has however elicited unreserved commendations from notable stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry. Top personalities at the occasion commended the Chairman of the association, Onuegbu for his relentless effort and doggedness to deliver the project before the expiration of his tenure in June.
In his remark, Pharm. Ayuba commended Pharm. Onuegbu for his relentless effort, stating that his name has been written in gold in the anal of the history of the association.” Those who have been before Ken Onuegbu have done their part. Ken Onuegbu has come and he has done his part, those coming from behind should not use him as a benchmark, they should try and surpass Ken”, Pharm Ayuba said.
The immediate past president of PSN, Prof. Cyril Usifoh pointed out that industrial pharmacists have always been the solid rock to pharmacy practice and activities of PSN. While commending Pharm. Onuegbu for conceiving and attaining the projects, he charged pharmacists to always dream big. He said “dare to dream big. Don’t worry how you achieve it, but if you have people who you can reason with, they will enable you to achieve it. We must be ready to do the impossible. Even if you face opposition, do what you believe you can do”.
Similarly, the Chief Executive officer of Alpha Pharmacy, Sir Ike Onyechi charged pharmacists to always dream big and work hard, saying hardwork and the power of big dreams has enabled the NAIP chairman to build on the foundation of his predecessors and accomplish the NAIP House.
The chairman of the occasion, Pharm. Ibrahim Yakasai also commended Pharm Onuegbu and his predecessors for the effort to have gotten a permanent secretariat for NAIP. He charged all pharmacists to be their brothers keepers and lift one another where necessary.
While going down the memory lane on the formation of NAIP, the Publisher of Pharmanews, Pharm. (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi disclosed that Pharm. A. O. Odusina, the then marketing manager of ICI, Apapa, was the brain behind the formation of the NAIP, based on his experience with the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI).
According to Pharm. Atueyi, early in 1977, Pharm. Odusina hosted several organisational meetings in his office, ICI, Commercial Road, Apapa with Pharm. HBK Bob-Manuel, marketing manager of Glaxo Nigeria Ltd, Creek Road, Apapa; Pharm. Nath Akobundu, marketing manager of Roche Nigeria Ltd, Town Planning Way, Ilupeju and Pharm. Ifeanyi Atueyi, marketing manager of RT Briscoe, Creek Road, Apapa, who was at that time, the Editor-in- Chief of the Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy.
He disclosed further that after a few meetings, officers were appointed with Pharm. Odusina as chairman (the designation of President was rejected by PSN), Pharm. HBK Bob-Manuel – treasurer/financial secretary and Pharm. Nath Akobundu as secretary. According to the octogenerian, the association was officially inaugurated on 5 May, 1977, at the PSN Secretariat, 52A Ikorodu Road, Fadeyi, Yaba, during the presidency of Chief (Sir) Chris Efobi (1974-1977), making NAIP the first technical section of PSN.
He recalled that Akobundu resigned as secretary after one year in office. When his letter of resignation, dated 21 September 1978, was read by the Chairman during the meeting held same day; Pharm. Ifeanyi Atueyi (himself) was elected as the new secretary and Pharm. Miss R. O. Britto elected as the assistant secretary. However, his tenure as the secretary was also short as that of Akobundu, as he served for only about one year.
The Pharmanews boss noted that the reason for his resignation was to focus on Pharmanews business, which started in 1979. He therefore resigned his appointment as the marketing manager of RT Briscoe Pharmaceuticals in January, 1979, after which the first edition of Pharmanews was published in May 1979, and since then till date, the relationship of Pharmanews and Pharm. Ifeanyi Atueyi (himself) with the NAIP has continued to grow stronger and stronger.
Pharm. Atueyi commended the leadership of the association from inception till date, even as he extolled and congratulated the incumbent chairman, Onuegbu on the accomplishment of the NAIP House during his tenure.
Also present at the occasion were former PSN presidents, Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa; Pharm. Olumide Akintayo; Pharm. Azubike Okwor; others and BOT chairman of NAIP, Prof. Lere Baale, past chairman of NAIP, Lagos PSN Chairman, Pharm. Babayemi Oyekunle, ACPN national Chairman-ably represented, NAPA Chairman, as well as chairmen of other technical arms of PSN, among others. They all commended the association on the feat.
Regarding the use of beta-blockers in clinical practice, which of the following statements are correct? 1 ❏ Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with asthma due to risk of bronchospasm 2 ❏ They are first-line agents for treating hypertension in African and Black Caribbean populations 3 ❏ Beta-blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and contractility
Instructions Choose: A ❏ if 1, 2, and 3 are correct B ❏ if 1 and 2 only are correct C ❏ if 2 and 3 only are correct D ❏ if 1 only is correct E ❏ if 3 only is correct
The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) on Tuesday alerted the public of the presence of counterfeit Artemether/Lumefantrine tablets circulating under the brand name Aflotin 20/120 in Nigeria.
The agency said on its X handle that the counterfeit product was discovered and reported to the agency by the genuine manufacturer, Ajanta Pharma Limited from Mumbai, India,
According to NAFDAC, Ajanta Pharma observed that it manufactured the counterfeited product with batch number PA2128L in December 2018, with an expiry date of November 2020.
It said the batch was created for Combisunate 20/120 (Artemether 20mg/Lumefantrine 120mg Tablets), with a pack size of 30 x 24 tablets, but had now been counterfeited and was being sold as Aflotin 20/120mg with a pack size of 1 x 18 tablets.
It added that the overprinted matter did not match Ajanta’s overprinting style.
The agency said the company had confirmed that the Aflotin 20/120mg with Batch No: PA2128L available in the Nigerian market was a counterfeit, as determined by the investigation carried out and observations made on the product.
“The genuine Aflotin 20/120 tablet is a combination of Artemether/Lumefantrine (20mg/120mg) and is primarily used for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite,” it said.
The regulatory agency emphasised that counterfeit medicines endanger people’s health because they do not comply with regulatory standards, which meant the safety, quality, and efficacy of these products are not ensured.
“The use of counterfeit medicines often fail to treat diseases or conditions effectively, leading to serious health consequences, including death,” NAFDAC said.
It said all NAFDAC zonal directors and state coordinators had been informed and directed to conduct surveillance and remove any counterfeit products found within their zones and states.
NAFDAC also advised distributors, retailers, healthcare professionals, and caregivers to exercise caution and vigilance within the supply chain to avoid the distribution, sale, and use of counterfeit products.
It advised that all medical products must be obtained from authorised/licensed suppliers.
The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Ali Pate, receiving copies of the book from the author, Chukwuma Muanya, in Abuja, recently.
Prominent figures in the health sector, beginning with the Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Ali Pate; a renowned Professor of Pharmacognosy at the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Olukemi Odukoya; Professor of Pharmacy and Director General of Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA), Martins Emeje; among others have endorsed a new book “Herbal Spices: Local Foods As Medicines” authored by a former Deputy Editor of The Guardian, Mr Chukwuma Muanya.
Prof. Pate, while receiving copies of the book in his office, in Abuja, recently, expressed his confidence in Muanya as an exceptional journalist, who has demonstrated a high level of professionalism.
“You are a professional,* Pate said. “I have immense respect for you. I want to encourage you to continue on that path and success will be yours at the end of the day.”
He continued: “This is very good. These days, it is easy to copy what everybody else is doing, but you identified a niche and it was original. You brought an alignment between your training, professional practice as a journalist and research to make your contribution. You connected it with the foods that we like to eat. I am very proud of you. I am very glad that you have done this and thank you for coming to share it.”
Also appraising the importance of the book, Prof. Olukemi Odukoya, in a foreword to the book said the emerging recognition among health professionals is that food plays not just a supplemental but a central role in the health of people globally.
“It is therefore necessary to study our local foods and traditional diets to promote the wellbeing of the populace through reading of this book, Herbal Spices: Local Foods As Medicines…., as a song without end. The present book of ten chapters is Volume One. It is the beginning of the song contributing to a comprehensive coverage of the needs to achieve a radiant health and longevity at affordable costs. The reader will benefit greatly from the primary benefits of eating local foods,”she said.
Appreciating Prof. Pate for the recognition, Chukwuma Muanya, earlier informed him on the objective of the book, which is an evidence-based and scientifically authenticated herbal remedies for chronic diseases as well as how he has been able to prevent and treat common sickness in Nigeria such as malaria, typhoid fever, hepatitis, toothache, staphylococcus aureus, premature ejaculation, low libido in men and women, erectile dysfunction, fibroids, prostate enlargement, ulcer, Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), cancers, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, diarrhoea, infertility, tuberculosis, cold, cough, catarrh, haemorrhoid and pile, among others with herbs.
Muanya, a conventional herbalist, pharmacognocist, researcher, science and health writer, and media consultant, who is also the CEO of CAMS DIAMONDS Nigeria Limited, identified poor diet as a the leading cause of bad health, and accounts for many more deaths than alcohol and drug abuse. Food is not only to fulfill the appetite. A little attention regarding the benefits of the foods eaten on health, can give a better life, and eventually, one can enjoy the wealth in health.
Odukoya added: “The book is a compendium of practical activities for you to try out. It is for everyone. It also answers every question that a student of herbal medicine and nutrition could possibly want to ask. Enjoy the book and really hope that you find it very useful as a household song.”
Muanya explained what informed the writing of the book is a huge knowledge gap in evidence-based preventive medicine in Nigeria and indeed all over the world. “This book will guide you on what to do to prevent most diseases, cure some and ameliorate others,”he disclosed.
Others endorsers of the book are: Prof. MacDonald Idu, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State; Dr Joy Odimegwu of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos; former Managing Director/Editor-In-Chief, The Guardian Newspapers Limited, Eluem Emeka Izeze; CEO of Clean Serve Energy/ former Managing Director, Arik Air, Chief Chris Ndulue among many others.
To Emeje, the book “provides specific steps in preparing home remedies based on results of empirical research.” For Izeze, with this book, “everyone can take responsibility for his or her lifestyle.”Ndulue said: “A wholesome meal served fresh and hot by the master-dietician and natural health expert of our time.”To Odimegwu, the book is “bringing the age-old knowledge of herbal medicines into many homes.”Idu said: “Great resource for herbalists, naturopaths, healthcare professionals.”
The 178-page book, with 10 chapters, lend credence to the famous statement of Hippocrates (460-357-BC), which says, “Let food be the medicine and let medicine be the food.”
Muanya explained through the book that many Nigerians are languishing with one ailment or the other due to changes in lifestyle especially food. With diseases like cancer and other Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol level, stroke, and kidney damage are on the rise, healthcare has become unaffordable. This emphasis why Nigerians must leverage local foods as medicines.
Meanwhile, Chapter One of the book deals with why more people are getting sick: Ignorance, my people perish because of lack of knowledge.
Chapter Two dwells on the common diseases in Nigeria and their natural treatments.
Chapter Three explains the miracle of local spices and herbs.
Chaoter Four unveils the herbal blood tonics for sickle cell and anaemic conditions.
Chapter Five is on microbial/viral infections and herbal antibiotics for HIV, measles, chickenpox etc.
Chapter Six is on diabetes and natural cures.
Chapter Seven identifies local plants for haemorrhoid and pile.
Chapter Eight: Foods of Love. Considering the rising cases of infertility in the country and flagging libidos in even in young men and women, the chapter provides evidence-based solutions. It unveils herbal cures for low libido in men and women, weak erection, premature ejaculation, dry vagina, poor sperm count and quality, early menopause, poor quality eggs, blocked fallopian tubes and infertility.
Chapter Nine: Hypertension and reproductive problems. Hypertension is a silent killer and is associated with sudden death, stroke, heart attack, kidney damage, erectile dysfunction to mention but a few. This chapter provides herbal cures for hypertension, low sperm count, and other related issues.
Chapter Ten: Cancers have become so common in Nigeria that almost every family has lost someone to the deadly disease or have another managing the condition. This chapter deals on growths and tumours, fibroids/prostate enlargement and cancers. It provides evidence on how herbal mix shrinks fibroids, prostate enlargement and cancers.
Farmers on the farm working. Image Source: Visionet Systems
The Ogun State Government has supported farmers with N5.4 billion worth of inputs through the Ogun State Transformation Economic Programme (OGSTEP).
The Commissioner for Agriculture, Mr Bolu Owotomo, said this at a news conference on Monday in Abeokuta.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the development objective of OGSTEP is to increase agricultural production and stimulate private sector participation in the agricultural, industrial and skills sectors of the Ogun State economy.
Owotomo said the State Governor, Dapo Abiodun, through the OGSTEP initiative, had ensured increment in food productivity in the state.
“Supporting farmers with inputs worth billions of naira, we are expecting the farmers to produce 318,000 tonnes of commodities.
“So far, we have harvested 65,000 tonnes of commodities and we are still going to harvest 92,000 tonnes which we have started.
“We are expecting all the farmers under the OGSTEP to generate about N15.9 billion from their produce,” he said.
Owotomo said the state Ministry of Agriculture had registered 160,000 farmers adding that over 40,900 farmers had been shared into 2,537 groups.
He added that 22,000 farmers under the OGSTEP programme had been supported across the state with inputs.
He said 16,000 farmers had benefited from the state’s capacity building programme, while 34,000 farmers have been laid to offtakes.
He promised that the state government would continue to ensure food stability through various interventions that would cut across the 20 local government areas. (NAN)
A graphical illustration of lifestyle diseases. Image Source; Shathayu Retreat
By Blessing Ejimofor
Imagine being asked a simple question: “How healthy are you?” What would be your response? According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” But do we truly prioritise our health?
How many of us would choose fruits and vegetables over snacks and fast food, consumed in the name of enjoyment and convenience? How seriously do we take our well-being? How many 9-to-5 workers make time for exercise, rest, and sleep after a long day? Can we continue to compromise our health and still expect to live long and disease-free? These questions—and many more—are becoming major concerns. No wonder our grandparents and great-grandparents lived healthier and longer lives than most Gen Zs today.
As individuals, we have the power to decide how healthy we will be. Yet, we often cause more harm than good to ourselves, mostly out of ignorance. Our habits are slowly killing us and reducing our lifespan. According to the World Bank Report (2022), Nigeria has a lower life expectancy at birth (54 years) than countries like Japan (84 years). Similarly, Dr Shanti Mendis (WHO) noted: “Not thousands, but millions of people are dying every year in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s, not in their 80s and 90s.”
Most of these premature deaths are caused by unhealthy habits, which ultimately lead to lifestyle diseases.
What are lifestyle diseases?
Lifestyle diseases are illnesses linked to the way people live. They are non-communicable, meaning they are not passed from person to person but are the result of personal choices. These include:
Poor diets
Lack of physical activity
Excessive alcohol and cigarette consumption
Inadequate exercise and rest
According to the WHO (2023), chronic diseases—which result from lifestyle diseases—are the leading cause of death, accounting for 61 per cent to 74 per cent of all deaths globally. These include:
Cardiovascular diseases
Cancers
Respiratory diseases
Diabetes
Together, these four conditions account for over 80% of all premature non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths.
One of the major risk factors for chronic diseases is an unhealthy diet. In an interview, Dr Mendis remarked: “People tend to eat out more, but restaurant food is often high in fat, energy, and salt.”
Today, we have shifted from consuming fresh, nutritious meals to eating more processed foods, which are high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats. Also, our busy schedules often deprive us of adequate rest and sleep. How many people actually get the recommended eight hours of sleep per night? Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and mental health disorders. Yet, many individuals continue to prioritise work and social engagements over their health.
Moving in the right direction
Lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes, can be prevented and managed through simple lifestyle changes, including:
A balanced diet
Regular exercise
Adequate sleep and rest
Making dietary modifications can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The WHO recommends a healthy diet rich in:
Fibre
Fruit and vegetables
Lentils, beans, nuts, and whole grains
A well-balanced diet meets an individual’s macronutrient (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fibre) and micronutrient (minerals, vitamins) needs depending on their stage of life.
Practical dietary changes
Increase fruit, vegetables, legumes, and nuts
Reduce salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats
Limit sugary snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages
Choose fresh fruit and raw vegetables as snacks instead of processed foods
In addition to a balanced diet, dietary supplements can be beneficial. These are not conventional foods but rather formulated products ingested in forms such as:
Tablets
Capsules
Soft gels
Powders
Liquids
Elderly individuals, in particular, may take supplements to help prevent or manage chronic diseases and prolong life.
Maternal and child health remains a critical global priority. With the 2025 World Health Day theme focusing on maternal and child well-being, attention is once again on ensuring safe pregnancies and healthy deliveries. One of the most pressing concerns in maternal health today is preeclampsia, a condition characterised by high blood pressure in pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and neonatal complications worldwide.
If pregnancy is not a disease, why do so many women die from complications related to it? This question highlights the harsh reality that maternal mortality remains a major challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. One of the key targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to fewer than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Achieving this goal requires urgent action to address preeclampsia.
An illustration of signs of preeclampsia. Image Source; Cardinal and Pine
What is preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that typically occurs after the 20th week of gestation. It is diagnosed when a pregnant woman develops high blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher) along with proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) or other organ dysfunction, such as liver or kidney issues.
Global impact and disease burden
Maternal Mortality: Preeclampsia and related hypertensive disorders cause approximately 76,000 maternal deaths annually.
Morbidity: The condition affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies globally, leading to significant maternal and perinatal complications.
Fetal Impact: Preeclampsia increases the risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and neonatal complications, including mortality.
Long-Term Health Risks: Women who experience preeclampsia, as well as their children, face an increased risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndromes.
Incidence: The condition affects up to 15% of pregnancies globally, with higher rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Geographic Distribution: The burden of preeclampsia is disproportionately high in developing regions, where severe cases are more common.
Causes of Death: Between 10% and 25% of preeclampsia cases result in maternal death.
Prevalence: Preeclampsia is seven times more common in developing countries than in high-income nations.
Maternal Deaths: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia and eclampsia, contribute significantly to maternal mortality, with 99% of these deaths occurring in LMICs.
Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of preeclampsia remains unclear, but it is believed to stem from abnormal placental development and function. Several risk factors increase a woman’s likelihood of developing the condition, including:
First-time pregnancy
Previous history of preeclampsia
Chronic hypertension or kidney disease
Obesity and diabetes
Multiple pregnancies (twins or more)
Autoimmune diseases
Symptoms of preeclampsia
Preeclampsia often develops silently, making regular antenatal check-ups essential. When symptoms do appear, they may include:
Severe jeadaches
Blurred vision or sensitivity to light
Swelling in the hands, face, or feet
Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention
Upper abdominal pain, particularly under the ribs
Shortness of breath
Nausea or vomiting in late pregnancy
In severe cases, preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, a life-threatening condition marked by seizures, organ failure, or stroke.
Effects on pregnancy
Preeclampsia poses serious risks for both mother and baby. It can lead to:
Preterm birth and low birth weight
Placental abruption (premature separation of the placenta from the uterus)
Fetal distress, stillbirth, or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission
For the mother, preeclampsia increases the risk of:
Stroke and cardiovascular disease
Long-term hypertension
Recurrence in future pregnancies
Management and treatment
Currently, delivery of the baby and placenta is the only definitive cure for preeclampsia. However, when the condition arises too early in pregnancy, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and prolonging gestation safely. Treatment options include:
Antihypertensive medications to lower blood pressure
Corticosteroids to aid fetal lung development if early delivery is necessary
Magnesium sulphate to prevent seizures in severe cases
Frequent monitoring of fetal well-being using ultrasound and non-stress tests
Bed rest and hospitalisation for severe cases
Role of pharmacists and healthcare providers
Pharmacists and healthcare providers play a crucial role in managing and preventing preeclampsia by:
Educating pregnant women on the importance of prenatal care and recognising warning signs
Dispensing and advising on safe medications for managing hypertension in pregnancy
Encouraging adherence to:
Nutritional supplements (e.g., calcium and low-dose aspirin)
Regular antenatal check-ups for early blood pressure monitoring
Healthy lifestyle choices, including a balanced diet and regular exercise
Collaborating with obstetricians to ensure timely intervention when symptoms arise
Managing underlying conditions such as hypertension and diabetes before pregnancy.
By Pharm. (Dr) Onyinye Bridget Chiekwe, PharmD, MScPH, ABMP
Antimicrobial diagram. Image Source: Public Health
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has proposed a four-pillar framework to guide national and global efforts in combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Okwor stressed the urgent need to act decisively and strategically at the country level.
“We are at a critical point. If we are to make meaningful progress in the fight against AMR, we must adopt a pragmatic and inclusive approach built on four key pillars,” she said.
She listed the first pillar as Strategic Information and Pragmatism. Okwor stressed the importance of reliable data to inform AMR surveillance, policy, and action.
Dr Tochi Okwor, head of disease prevention and control at the NCDC, made this known in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Saturday in Abuja.
“Data must guide every step we take, and our strategies must be realistic and tailored to the unique realities of our health system,” she said.
She said that the second pillar, “Equity Must Be Central”, underscores the need to ensure that access to quality antimicrobials, diagnostics, and AMR-related services was not limited to urban or privileged populations.
“Equity is fundamental. Without it, AMR efforts will remain fragmented and ineffective,” she said.
The third pillar calls for Accountability Equals Inclusion. There is the need for transparency and stakeholder engagement at community and facility levels.
“Inclusion drives accountability. Communities must have a voice in shaping AMR interventions if we want sustainable outcomes,” she said.
According to her, the framework’s fourth pillar involves a whole-of-society approach.
She said that AMR was not just a clinical issue but a societal challenge requiring multi-sectoral collaboration across health, agriculture, environment, and education.
“Antimicrobial resistance threatens our ability to treat infections and safeguard modern medicine.
“These four pillars offer a practical and inclusive roadmap for Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries to mount an effective response,” she said.
NAN reports that AMR occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites develop the ability to defeat drugs designed to kill or slow their growth.
While this phenomenon can occur naturally through genetic changes, it is accelerated by factors such as the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in healthcare and agriculture.
As a result, common infections can become harder to treat, leading to prolonged illnesses, higher treatment costs, and an increased risk of death.
AMR represents a global health challenge that necessitates coordinated, multi-sectoral efforts to improve surveillance, promote responsible antimicrobial use, and develop new treatments. (NAN)
Which of the following statements about EEG (Electroencephalography) are correct? 1) It is carried out to confirm the occurrence of cardiovascular disease 2) Procedures require patients to be totally sedated 3) It stands for electroencephalography
Dr Uche Nwokwu, coordinator of the National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP), Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, says men with large breasts are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
He said that men undergoing hormone therapy to alter their body physiology to appear more feminine are also at elevated risk.
He explained that because men had breast tissue, they could develop breast cancer, although the condition was rare.
Nwokwu revealed this in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Saturday in Abuja.
Confirming that such cases had been recorded in Nigeria, the NCCP coordinator emphasised the need for awareness.
According to him, breast development in men can be triggered by an increase in estrogen, the hormone responsible for breast growth, particularly when testosterone levels drop.
He said: “The hormone that women have that makes their breasts develop is also present in men.
“The difference is that testosterone, which is higher in men, suppresses that hormone; so, when there’s an imbalance between the two, whichever is higher tends to manifest more.”
He added that when estrogen levels in men become dominant, it could lead to gynecomastia (the enlargement of male breast tissue) which in turn increases the risk of breast cancer.
“Once there’s a fluctuation that disrupts the body’s ability to regulate the cell ducts, it can trigger breast cancer,” he said.
Nwokwu noted that the risk factors for breast cancer in men are similar to those in women.
He, however, said that women were more prone due to their more developed breast tissue and cell ducts.
He said that men with larger breasts face a higher risk than those with average breast size, though no man was completely exempted.
“The reason is simple, anything that lowers male hormones, whether due to sickness or environmental factors, can cause an increase in female hormones.
“That imbalance can result in gynecomastia and, by extension, raise the risk of breast cancer,” he said.
He also identified genetics as a significant factor, saying “people who come from families with a genetic predisposition need to be cautious, as even slight environmental triggers can elevate their risk.”
The coordinator further warned that men who undergo hormone therapy in attempts to transition to a female body structure are also at increased risk.
“When men take hormone therapies to alter their physiology, the more active female hormones can expose them to a higher risk of breast cancer,” he said.
On available data, Nwokwu said figures are low partly because men often do not recognise the symptoms of breast cancer until they receive a proper diagnosis.
He acknowledged the lack of conclusive data on the disease in men, saying it reflected a broader challenge in cancer data collection.
However, the NCCP coordinator said that the Federal Government had designated cancer as a reportable disease to enhance data gathering.
He added that efforts were underway to improve diagnostic capacity nationwide, so that any abnormality found in the body could be accurately identified and diagnosed.
To reduce the risk of breast cancer, Nwokwu advised men to regularly check their bodies for lumps or unusual growths, especially in the breast area.
“Any abnormal growth should be properly investigated. Tissue samples should be taken for laboratory diagnosis,” he advised. (NAN)
L-R: Pharm Frank Muonemeh, executive secretary of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Group of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria; Dr Mariatou Tala Jallow, council chair – Vizuri Health Dynamics and Healthcare Manufacturers Trade Exhibition & Conference (AHMTEC); Dr Stella Okoli, founder/GMD Emzor Pharma Industries Ltd; Jennifer Allport, Health Development Africa, South Africa; Dr Ifedayo Adetifa, chief transformation officer/CEO FIND Geneva; and Dr Paul Lalvani, founder /CEO EMPOWER SWISS Group at the forum.
The Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC) became a global hub for healthcare innovation from 7 to 9 April, as it hosted the third edition of the World Local Production Forum (WLPF). Organised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in collaboration with the Government of the United Arab Emirates, the event gathered an impressive 4,077 participants from 141 countries, including 16 ministers and over 230 high-level speakers from across government, regulatory bodies, financial institutions, and the private sector.
This year’s theme, “Advancing Local Production for Health Equitability, Global Health Security, and Sustainable Development,” set the tone for robust discussions on reshaping global health systems through regional manufacturing and equitable access to essential medicines.
Nigeria featured prominently at the forum, with influential voices shaping conversations on local pharmaceutical production and investment strategies. Among the Nigerian delegation were Dr Stella Okoli, founder/GMD of Emzor Pharma Industries Ltd; Mr Frank Muonemeh, executive secretary of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Group of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (PMGMAN); and Dr Abdu Mukhtar, national coordinator of the Presidential Initiative for Unlocking the Healthcare Value Chain (PVAC).
Speaking during the session on “Strengthening Local Production Ecosystems: Innovative Financing and Investment Strategies,” Mr Muonemeh stressed the importance of the rule of law in attracting investment and fostering innovation. “The investment climate is a key determinant for risk assessment by investors,” he noted, emphasising that stability affects decisions around technology transfer, contract manufacturing, and public-private partnerships, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
At the CEO’s Forum, Dr Stella Okoli stood out as the only female African CEO among the top executives. Her message was bold and optimistic: “Africa has come of age, blessed with great talents that need to be harnessed to create a healthier world.” She called for deeper engagement from developed economies in supporting technology transfer and committing to long-term financial partnerships to bolster Africa’s capacity to supply medicines both locally and internationally.
In his presentation, Dr Abdu Mukhtar shared actionable insights from WHO AFRO member states, focusing on lessons learned in creating investor-friendly ecosystems for local production. He highlighted Nigeria’s recent strides in unlocking its healthcare value chain and encouraged stakeholders to tap into the nation’s expanding pharmaceutical opportunities.
With the 2025 edition wrapped, attention now turns to the next World Local Production Forum, which will take place in 2027 in the Republic of Indonesia. As the forum continues to evolve, it remains a vital platform for catalysing policy, investment, and innovation aimed at ensuring resilient, self-sufficient, and equitable health systems around the world.
Are you running the race God set specifically for you, or are you trying to compete in someone else’s lane? In this powerful message, we explore how each person is uniquely called by God to fulfill a divine assignment—a spiritual race marked out just for them. Drawing wisdom from Hebrews 12:1 and 2 Timothy 4:7, this teaching encourages you to lay aside distractions, avoid unhealthy comparisons, and remain focused on the purpose God has designed for your life. You’re not in a competition with others—you’re called to finish your own race with endurance, obedience, and faith.
This message is a reminder that God’s direction—not the opinions of others or outward success—determines the right path. Are you climbing the ladder of life, only to find it’s resting against the wrong wall? Let the Word of God guide your steps and keep you aligned with your true purpose. Whether you’re in business, ministry, or personal growth, the reward isn’t just at the end—it’s in every faithful step you take with God.
– Pays advocacy visit to Ministry of Youth Development
Hon. Ayodele Olawande, Minister of Youth Development, with his team, and the PSN-YPG National Chairman, Pharm. Tekena George, alongside young pharmacists.
In a concerted effort to contribute significantly to national development and influence health policies, the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria-Young Pharmacists Group (PSN-YPG) has sought formal recognition as a registered professional youth organisation. To advance this goal, the group paid a high-level advocacy visit to the Honourable Minister of Youth Development, Hon. Ayodele Olawande, at the Federal Ministry of Youth Development headquarters in Abuja.
Led by its National Chairman, Pharm. Tekena George, the PSN-YPG delegation presented key proposals aimed at fostering youth engagement and strengthening their role in national policy development. Among the major requests was the official recognition of PSN-YPG as a professional youth body, which George explained would enable the group to participate more effectively in national and international youth development programmes. He emphasised that such recognition would unlock opportunities for capacity building, advocacy, and policy engagement on a global scale.
Another significant proposal was the inclusion of PSN-YPG in the National Youth Confab, an annual platform where critical policies affecting young Nigerians are deliberated. The group stressed that young pharmacists, as frontline healthcare professionals, offer valuable insights into pressing public health concerns that disproportionately affect young people, such as mental health, reproductive health, and substance abuse.
Furthermore, the PSN-YPG proposed a nationwide anti-drug and substance abuse initiative, which would serve as a strategic partnership between the group and the ministry. According to George, this initiative aims to leverage the expertise of pharmacists in community health to combat the rising menace of drug misuse and illicit substance abuse among Nigerian youths.
Underscoring these proposals, George highlighted the critical role of young pharmacists in addressing Nigeria’s most urgent public health challenges. He reiterated the group’s commitment to collaborating with the Ministry to enhance national interventions in these areas.
The delegation also commended the honourable minister’s commitment to bridging the gap between the government and Nigerian youths. They praised his inclusive approach to policymaking and youth empowerment programmes, which seek to give young people a voice in national development.
“We recognise the honourable minister’s unwavering dedication to Nigerian youth, and we believe that young pharmacists have a unique role to play, not just within the healthcare system but as active contributors to youth development and nation-building,” George stated.
In his response, Hon. Ayodele Olawande lauded PSN-YPG for its proactive stance on youth engagement and public health advocacy. He expressed confidence in the group’s ability to make meaningful contributions to the government’s youth development agenda.
“I am truly impressed by the passion and professionalism of the young pharmacists who have come here today,” Olawande remarked. “Your initiatives align closely with our vision for an empowered and responsible youth population. We will work closely with PSN-YPG to ensure these proposals come to fruition.”
The minister pledged his full support for the proposed partnership and directed his team to begin working with PSN-YPG on the modalities for immediate implementation. He also assured the group of their inclusion in future policy dialogues and national conferences concerning youth affairs.
As Nigeria continues to grapple with complex public health and youth development challenges, the engagement between PSN-YPG and the Ministry of Youth Development represents a promising step towards strategic collaboration. It highlights the potential of professional youth organisations in contributing to national progress and shaping policies that impact future generations.
EngenderHealth, a leading global health organisation, has partnered with various stakeholders to expand access to the Hormonal Intrauterine Device (HIUD) in Kebbi and Plateau states.
The project, supported by the CHAI Catalytic Opportunity Fund (CHAI-COF) with funding from UKID, had achieved more than 10,000 Couple Year Protection (CYP) within its 11-month duration.
The health organisation added that with support from the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Rotary International, and others, more than 2,000 HIUDs had been distributed to healthcare facilities in both states.
Dr Kabiru Atta, EngenderHealth’s country representative, shared the success of the HIUD scale-up project during a national dissemination meeting in Abuja on Thursday.
“In addition to the distribution of commodities, 46 master trainers were trained, leading to the training of 224 health workers across secondary healthcare facilities and high-volume primary healthcare centres in Kebbi and Plateau States.
“After these trainings, the next critical need was commodities, and the Federal Ministry of Health, our key partner, played a vital role.
“They ensured a steady supply of over 2,000 hormonal IUDs to the facilities, with additional supplies from Rotary International.
“By combining these trainings and the provision of commodities, we were able to achieve more than 10,000 Couple Year Protection in both Plateau and Kebbi States, helping women safeguard against unwanted pregnancies,” he said.
He said these efforts helped achieve the 10,000 CYP milestone, providing women in both states with greater access to family planning options.
“In terms of sustainability, EngenderHealth also supported state governments in budget appropriation for family planning commodities.
“Plateau State allocated N23 million for procurement, while Kebbi State allocated N300 million.
“Kebbi Government is also awaiting approval for an additional N190 million for procurement.”
Dr Nicholas Baamlong, Plateau State Commissioner of Health, stated that the HIUD project had significantly strengthened the capacity of health workers to deliver reproductive health services across all local government areas in the state.
Represented by Dr Mafwalal Bunah-Masok, director of public health at the Plateau State Ministry of Health, Baamlong reaffirmed the government’s commitment to sustaining the project and maximising its long-term impact.
“Building the capacity of health workers ensures the continuity of services. With trained personnel in place, the government’s role is to continue supplying the necessary commodities to keep service delivery going,” he said.
Similarly, Alhaji Yunusa Musa-Ismail, Kebbi State Commissioner of Health, said that the project had tackled unplanned pregnancies, reduced maternal mortality, and improved women’s health outcomes in the state.
“Many of our women have truly benefited from this programme.
“Before it started, unplanned pregnancies were common and led to the loss of lives. But now, with widespread awareness on HIUD, couples are embracing family planning with confidence,” he said.
Dr Mohammed Abdulkadir, deputy sexual reproductive health desk officer at the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, reiterated their commitment to ensuring family planning commodities remained accessible at health facilities.
Mr Emmanuel Ajah, ccuntry director of MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, represented by Moses Odenyi, emphasised the importance of ensuring women could access family planning options and make informed choices about their reproductive health.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the dissemination meeting was organised by the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, in collaboration with the Ministries of Health in Kebbi and Plateau States and EngenderHealth.
Effects of extreme heat on mental health. Image Source: Manipalhospitals
By Prof. Olurotimi Coker
One of the reasons for the extremely hot weather recently is the worsening climate change. Extreme heat can affect not only our physical health but, more crucially, our mental health. Scientific studies have recorded that extremely hot weather can cause sleep problems, excessive loss of body water through sweating, muscle cramps, constipation, headaches, and severe dehydration, which can lead to reduced brain function, thereby causing mild cognitive impairments. Similarly, extreme heat can trigger anxiety, mild symptoms of depression, and, within families, precipitate aggression and domestic violence.
Published evidence indicates that extreme heat leads to an increase in visits to medical emergency departments for the treatment of mental disorders. For those already living with mental health conditions, extreme heat may exacerbate disorders such as bipolar conditions (depression and mania), potentially leading to relapses in individuals who have previously received treatment. Elderly people, particularly the vulnerable, may also face an increased risk of dehydration and cognitive impairment, which could mimic dementia (memory loss).
The association between extreme heat and hospital emergency visits has been found to be significantly high, particularly for certain mental health conditions such as drug addiction, excessive alcohol use, generalised anxiety disorder, stress-related disorders, depression, bipolar illness, and delusional disorders. In severe cases, these conditions may even lead to attempted suicide.
Dehydration from extreme heat
One of the most common health consequences of extreme heat is dehydration. In hot weather, we lose water through breathing, sweating, urination, and defecation. This lost body fluid is replenished by drinking water. However, some people unconsciously forget to drink an adequate amount of water. When dehydration sets in, the blood becomes more concentrated, making the heart work harder. The kidneys retain more water, leading to reduced urination. Dehydration can also impair brain function, reducing cognitive performance in areas such as concentration, attention, and memory. In severe cases, it can lead to delirium or confusion.
Common signs and symptoms of dehydration include dizziness, muscle cramps, dry mouth and lips, red eyes, reduced urine output or dark-coloured urine, bad breath, headaches, lethargy, constipation, heat rash, and mild confusion. If lost body fluids are not replenished, dehydration can worsen, leading to severe symptoms such as sunken eyes, dry skin, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, confusion, seizures, and the formation of kidney stones. While moderate dehydration can be reversed quickly by increasing fluid intake, severe cases may require medical attention.
Overcoming dehydration caused by extreme heat
Dehydration can be prevented by consuming plenty of water. The following practices can help reduce the risk of dehydration:
Drink plenty of water thirty minutes before and after meals.
Wear loose, non-synthetic clothing and use a cap or hat to protect your head from excessive heat.
Avoid sweetened beverages.
Seek shade during extremely hot weather or carry an umbrella for protection.
If possible, stay indoors between 12:00 noon and 4:00 pm.
As an alternative to water, consume fruits with high water content, such as watermelon, pineapple, and oranges.
It is important to note that mental health challenges triggered and exacerbated by extreme heat are often unrecognised and underreported. Public health experts should therefore prioritise education and prevention programmes to mitigate the expected rise in mental health issues associated with extreme temperatures. Similarly, mental health professionals should prepare for an increase in mental disorders and stress-related illnesses during periods of extreme heat.
Finally, dehydration can occur even without feeling thirsty. The rule of thumb is that we need to drink more water during extremely hot weather.
Coker, A. Olurotimi, is a Lagos-based Professor of Psychiatry. He can be reached at cokerrotimi@gmail.com.
When the Nigerian-British nurse leader, Ms Felicia Kwaku, OBE, walked into the UK Parliament on 24 July 2024 to mark the end of her tenure as chair of the Chief Nursing Officer & Chief Midwifery Officer’s Black and Minority Ethnic Strategic Advisory Group, she had no idea of the surprise that awaited her. In the course of the event, Dame Ruth May, the then chief nursing officer (CNO) for England, stepped forward and presented Kwaku with the Gold Chief Nursing Officer Award—the highest honour in British nursing.
That prestigious honour was not only historic, but deeply symbolic. For Kwaku, it was a fulfilling confirmation of over 30 years of tireless work, advocacy, and leadership. For the nursing profession, it was a celebration of a life dedicated to uplifting others.
Kwaku currently serves as the associate director of nursing at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. In this capacity, she oversees quality improvement, patient safety, and clinical leadership at one of London’s busiest teaching hospitals. Before then, the cardiothoracic and critical care nursing specialist had held several other senior leadership roles across the UK healthcare system, positioning herself as a formidable force in British healthcare.
Over the years, she has established a career defined not only by her technical skills, but by her deep commitment to equity, mentorship, and workforce development. More importantly, her influence transcends the UK’s healthcare system, reaching deep into the hearts of African and Caribbean communities, and inspiring the next generation of healthcare professionals.
Inborn passion for nursing
Born in the 1960s to Nigerian parents who had migrated to the United Kingdom earlier, Kwaku was no stranger to hospitals. As a child, she battled asthma, often finding herself in and out of clinical settings. But far from being frightened by the beeping machines or antiseptic air, young Kwaku found herself drawn to it all.
There was something both soothing and attractive about the hospital environment and the commitment of the health staff that sparked the passion to become a nurse in Kwaku. She and her sister would recreate the hospital setting in their bedroom, transforming bunk beds into makeshift wards, taking turns playing nurse and patient. In essence, long before she ever donned a uniform, Kwaku knew she was born to care.
Her formal journey into nursing began in 1989 when she enrolled at the Middlesex Hospital School of Nursing. She was the only Black student in her cohort—an experience that would not only shape her resilience nut also sharpen her understanding of the inequalities embedded within the healthcare system. It was not merely a matter of surviving that environment, but of standing out with excellence.
She went on to train at University College London Hospitals, eventually earning a Master of Science degree in Human Physiology. Her early years in practice were marked by an eagerness to not only provide care but also deepen the profession’s standards. She held a variety of roles, including that of research nurse, practice educator, and lecturer practitioner. Her love for knowledge was matched only by her passion for mentorship and staff development. She was never content to simply do her job; she worked to raise the bar for everyone around her.
As her career advanced, Kwaku took on increasingly senior roles in both NHS and private healthcare institutions. At Ealing Hospital, she served as head of Nursing for Surgery and Critical Care. From there, she moved into director-level roles at Whipps Cross Hospital and BMI Clementine Churchill Hospital, overseeing clinical operations, mentoring junior nurses, and influencing hospital-wide standards of patient care. At North Middlesex University Hospital, she served as the corporate head of nursing and led the organisation’s preparation for the Care Quality Commission inspection—an enormous responsibility requiring both technical knowledge and strategic oversight.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Kwaku’s leadership came into full view. At a time when the virus was devastating communities across the UK, it became increasingly clear that Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic healthcare workers were disproportionately affected. As chair of the CNO/CMO BME Strategic Advisory Group, she led national efforts to address this crisis with urgency and compassion.
She championed risk assessments, advocated for access to adequate PPE, and hosted a series of webinars that reached thousands of NHS workers who were feeling vulnerable, unheard, and at risk. Her calm voice, grounded in clinical insight and cultural understanding, offered reassurance and direction when it was most needed.
Yet even in these high-ranking roles, Kwaku remained deeply connected to clinical practice. She has always believed that the nurse’s first duty is to the patient, and she modelled that belief by remaining visible—both in and out of uniform—on the wards. Her philosophy is that when staff are respected, valued, and nurtured, the quality of patient care naturally improves.
Mentorship, advocacy and diaspora leadership
Kwaku’s greatest legacy may be her work as a mentor and educator, particularly for international and diaspora nurses. She has repeatedly emphasised that nurses must be empowered to practise at the full extent of their licence and must be supported through ongoing development and coaching.
As director for Nursing Education and Training at the Nigerian Nurses Charitable Association UK (NNCAUK), she has helped guide countless Nigerian nurses through their professional transitions and leadership development in the UK. Ahead of the association’s 2024 Annual Global Health Conference, Kwaku called on Nigerian nurses everywhere to rise to the global challenge of Universal Health Coverage, insisting that they are more than capable of shaping health policy, not just implementing it.
“We are keen and driven to develop Nigerian nurses here in the UK to their best potential,” she said. “That’s why we’ve carried out a number of educational and developmental programmes—from action learning sets to educational development webinars.”
This commitment has also extended to direct collaboration with nurses and healthcare professionals in Nigeria. Over the years, Kwaku has travelled to Nigeria to deliver training, support cardiac surgery teams, and partner with local organisations. She remains actively involved in Save a Heart Nigeria Foundation, where she leads on nursing education initiatives that target both skill development and system strengthening.
She has also supported the Uganda Nurses and Midwives Association UK, where her mentorship was publicly acknowledged by the association’s founder, Elizabeth Pearson, who praised Kwaku’s guidance and leadership during the group’s formative years.
Despite a schedule packed with professional obligations, Kwaku sits on several national and international boards and committees, ensuring that equity, workforce wellbeing, and cultural competence are part of the UK’s health agenda. These include the Royal College of Nursing’s International Committee, the London Race Equality Steering Group, the NHS Race and Health Observatory, the National Community Nursing Plan Stakeholder Advisory Panel, and the Commonwealth Nursing and Midwifery Federation UK Diaspora Group.
She also serves on the UK Commission on Covid Commemoration under the Department of Health, where her contributions are helping to shape how the UK remembers and learns from the pandemic.
Recognition and awards
For her monumental service, Kwaku has received numerous honours. In 2020, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List for services to nursing during the pandemic. That same year, she was named one of The Sunday Times’ Women of the Year, and in 2022, she was included among the Health Service Journal’s 50 Most Influential Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic People in Health.
Her team at NHS England won the HSJ Staff Wellbeing Award and the Zenith Global Health Award for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in 2022—both acknowledging their groundbreaking work in safeguarding the BME workforce during COVID-19. That same year, the Caribbean & African Health Network honoured her with a Leadership and Empowerment Award, and in 2023, she was a guest of honour at Buckingham Palace to celebrate the King’s 75th birthday. In 2024, she was again recognised by the Caribbean & African Health Network as Nurse Leader of the Year.
Community Health Extension Workers in a clinical training.
The Minister of State for Health, Dr Iziaq Salako, has charged community health practitioners in the country to be professional in the discharge of their duties.
He emphasised the critical role community health practitioners’ play, as the first line of care in the nation’s healthcare system.
Salako stated this in Abuja, at the Community Health Practitioners Registration Board of Nigeria (CHPRBN) 5th Induction/Oath-Taking for 930 health officers.
“You are the face of healthcare in many communities. Your service, integrity and professionalism can make the difference between life and death.
“Uphold the ethics of this noble profession and ensure that you leave a positive impact in every community you serve.”
Echoing the minister’s remarks, the Registrar of the Board, Dr Bashir Idris, urged the inductees to maintain high standards of practice at all times.
“You are now an ambassadors of the board, and more importantly, custodians of community health; let excellence and compassion be your guiding principles,”
A standout moment at the event was when Onwe Eze, a student from Boki College of Health Sciences and Technology, Cross River, was named the Overall Best Community Health Extension Worker (CHEW), Student, in the country.
The Provost of Boki College, Prof. Martin Ekpang, expressed delight at the recognition, stating that the award would help spotlight the institution, given its rural setting.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the event which has as its theme “Enhancing Excellence: A New Journey Begins”, will also recognise exceptional achievements, with special awards presented to distinguished graduates across various categories.
An array of vegetables and natural food items on display.
Experts in the nutrition industry have called for more education on the importance of Nigerians, especially pregnant women, to eat healthily within their means.
The experts called for adequate and appropriate nutrition on Wednesday at the Nutrition for All Life Stages workshop, organised for journalists by Nestle Nigeria at its Agbara factory in Ogun.
A dietitian facilitator, Dr Pat Chimah-Madubuko, emphasised the intake of food rich in macro and micronutrients in the right proportion throughout the entire human life cycle.
Chimah-Madubuko says a pregnant woman provides nutrition for herself and her growing baby, hence the need for proper nutrition.
“A pregnant woman’s estimated energy requirements are similar to those of a non-pregnant woman in the first trimester.
“It increases by 340 calories per day in the second trimester and 452 calories per day in the third trimester.
“So, there is a need to feed right, especially for women who are already overweight before conception.
“They don’t need to ‘eat for two’ as people usually say,” Chimah-Madubuko said.
On the menace of malnutrition, Dr Kanalio Olaloku of the Nestle Nutrition Institute, Central West Africa Region, said poverty has been closely associated with malnutrition in Nigeria.
According to her, various levels of malnutrition exist, ranging from overweight, underweight, wasted and stunted.
Olaloku stated that issues of malnutrition had become a time bomb, especially in the North-East of Nigeria.
“According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the number of children suffering acute malnutrition is projected to increase to two million in 2025, up from 1.74 million in 2024,” she said.
However, she identified diversification of diet, deworming and fortifying foods for good health as the way forward.
“Over 95 per cent of our products have been fortified to provide at least 15 per cent of our daily needs in one serving.
“Each product is fortified with at least one of the four big nutrient deficiencies: Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc and Iodine.
“In addition are nutrients such as Vitamin C, Calcium, Phosphorus, among others,” Olaloku said.
She called for increased awareness of the importance of iron, the severe impact of Iron Deficiency Anaemia, and the affordable and accessible solutions.
“This is what Nestle is doing in partnership with stakeholders, to amplify, advocate and drive better eating choices,” Olaloku said.
Meanwhile, the Corporate Affairs Manager, Nestle Nigeria, Ms Toju Egbebi, said the workshop was organised to enlighten journalists on issues of nutrition and wellness for all ages.
Egbebi stated that the organisation would continue to provide healthy nutrition for all while creating a safe environment and partnership for sustainability.
Did you know that playing golf can help you manage and prevent heart disease? Research has not only affirmed this but also established that playing golf can extend your lifespan by at least five years. Experts have further stated that regular participation in golf can aid in preventing and managing various health conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases.
Sports physicians agree that playing an 18-hole round of golf involves walking approximately five to seven kilometres, providing substantial aerobic exercise. This level of physical activity can help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Sports Medicine Australia, for instance, has stated that “golf can be good for your health and your heart.”
Walking an average golf course for a full round typically covers a distance of five to seven kilometres. According to studies, “If you walk 18 holes three to five times a week, you’ll get an optimal amount of endurance exercise for your heart. If you pull your clubs or carry them, you’ll burn even more calories each round and benefit even more.”
Findings on golf and longevity
Research indicates that golf positively impacts lipid profiles and glucose metabolism. A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that, despite golf’s lower exercise intensity, its longer duration and higher energy expenditure have favourable effects on metabolic factors. The study concluded that such aerobic exercises are beneficial for preventing cardiovascular diseases and can serve as a treatment strategy for improving cardiometabolic health.
A 2008 study conducted by the Swedish Medical University, Karolinska Institutet, found that the death rate for golfers is 40 per cent lower than that of non-golfers, translating to an increase of approximately five years in life expectancy. The study, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, analysed data from 300,000 Swedish golfers and confirmed golf’s beneficial health effects.
Professor Anders Ahlbom, who led the research team, stated, “A round of golf means being outside for four or five hours, walking at a fast pace for six to seven kilometres, which is known to be good for health. People play golf into old age, and there are also positive social and psychological aspects to the game that can be beneficial.”
Another study by the American Heart Association corroborated these findings. Their research found that golfers had a death rate of 15.1 per cent compared to 24.6 per cent among non-golfers. The study, titled “Effect of Playing Golf on Cardiovascular Diseases and Death in Older Persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study”, was published in 2020.
The researchers examined cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults aged 65 years and older. The study, conducted between 1989 and 1999, involved approximately 5,900 participants, among whom 384 played golf regularly. The findings showed a significantly lower death rate among regular golfers compared to non-golfers (15.1% vs 24.6%).
Mental well-being and social benefits
Beyond physical health, golf also contributes to mental well-being. The social interactions inherent in the game can reduce stress and improve mood. Additionally, regular golfers have been associated with increased longevity. The International Consensus Statement on Golf and Health also reports that golf is linked to improved mental well-being and a longer life expectancy.
According to Dr Andrew Murray, a researcher at the University of Edinburgh, golf provides moderate-intensity physical activity that benefits both physical and mental health. He stated, “Golf can provide health-enhancing physical activity and has the potential to improve life expectancy.”
A 2016 study led by Dr Andrew Murray, under the supervision of Professor Nanette Mutrie and Professor Helen Grant, conducted at the University of Edinburgh, remains one of the most comprehensive studies on golf and health. The research findings were published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine under the title “The Relationships Between Golf and Health: A Scoping Review.”
The researchers affirmed that golf provides moderate-intensity physical activity and is associated with numerous physical health benefits, including improved cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic profiles, as well as enhanced well-being. They concluded that, “Practitioners and policymakers can be encouraged to support more people to play golf due to its associated improvements in physical health, mental well-being, and potential contribution to increased life expectancy.”
A sport for all ages
One of the unique aspects of golf is that it can be played well into old age. The study by the American Heart Association highlighted that unlike high-impact sports such as football, boxing, and tennis, golf remains accessible to older adults. Dr Adnan Qureshi, lead author of the study and Executive Director of the Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, stated:
“We are hopeful our research findings could help to expand the options for adults to include golf. While walking and low-intensity jogging may be comparable exercises, they lack the competitive excitement of golf. Another advantage is that older adults can continue to play golf, unlike other more strenuous sports. Additional benefits include stress relief and relaxation, which golf appears to facilitate better than other sports.”
Golf is undeniably a popular sport worldwide. It is played on a large outdoor course, with the objective being to propel a small hard ball into a series of ‘holes’ with as few strokes as possible, using a variety of wooden or iron-tipped sticks known as ‘golf clubs’.
Golfers have noted that the sport provides a stimulating mental challenge combined with a healthy walk in pleasant surroundings and is accessible to individuals of all abilities and ages. Golf can be played alone or as part of a team, either as a casual pastime or a competitive sport. It also serves as a great way to maintain friendships, reduce stress, meet new people, and develop a sense of community.
The immense benefits of golf have prompted the current President of the Nigeria Golf Federation, Otunba Olusegun Runsewe, to encourage more Nigerians to take up the sport. He remarked that golf can be played at any age and specifically stated, “I appeal to all Nigerians to disabuse their minds of the notion that golf is for the elite. Golf is for the living mind—anyone who is alive, golf is the right game to tap into.”
Getting started and improving
One of the good things about golf is that while you compete against others, you can also challenge yourself to improve on your previous best score. A good way to get started is by taking lessons to acquire the fundamental skills before heading to the course. Experts and studies have even confirmed that learning golf is feasible and safe, even for elderly individuals with cognitive challenges.
“Do you want to live longer and prevent cardiovascular conditions? Then get into the swing of golfing,” the American Heart Association has urged.
The Wole Soyinka Centre for Investigative Journalism (WSCIJ) has trained 12 female journalists on newsroom leadership and investigative reporting skills, through its 2025 Report Women! Female Reporters’ Leadership Programme (FRLP) fellowship. The three-day residential training, held from 2 -4 April, at the L’ eola Hotel, Ikeja, groomed the participants on various aspects of newsroom operations and leadership.
The FRLP Fellowship, in its sixth edition, is a key component of the larger Report Women! Initiative. It is designed to foster women’s leadership in newsrooms while addressing gender disparities in journalism.
The Chief Executive Officer, WSCIJ, Mrs Motunrayo Alaka, while welcoming the female reporters to the landmark champion building edition of the programme, disclosed that the training will focus on strengthening their abilities to improve on accountability journalism in Nigeria’s newsrooms as leadership roles becomes evenly shared amongst men and women.
She noted that more female experts are engaged as resource persons for the workshop, urging the participants to be intentional in honing their investigative reporting skills to address the crucial issues impacting the society
Recalling the WSCIJ’s strides in accountability journalism over the years, she said the centre has been intentional about equity between men and women in the newsrooms and the news. “Our 2024 report, ‘Who leads the newsrooms and news’ examined the board and management composition of 111 media organisations in Nigeria across the four media genres. It revealed that women occupied 25.7 per cent of leadership positions, while men dominated with 74.3 percent.”
The selected female journalists for the programme
Alaka urged the lady journalists to seize the fellowship opportunity to equip themselves with the skills and influence needed to reshape this narrative.
The shortlisted journalists include: Temitope Obayendo, online editor, Pharmanews; Melony Ishola, head of programmes, Video Unit, PUNCH; Aisha Gambo, senior correspondent, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN); Jemilat Nasiru, staff writer, TheCable; Juliet Buna, reporter and editor, Crest 91.1FM; Bilkis Lawal, reporter and editor, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (Bond FM); Rasheedat Iliyas, manager, News and Current Affairs, Radio Nigeria Harmony FM; Mary Agidi, features and opinion writer, The Hope; Dana Zagi, gender lead, Media Trust Group; Chigozie Victor, senior editor, Zikoko Citizen, Big Cabal Media; Christiana Alabi-Akande, managing editor, Development Reporting Service; and Gloria Attah, news anchor and reporter, Clearview Television.
Launched in 2014, Alaka said the Report Women! Programme was designed to enhance both the quality and quantity of reportage on issues of abuse and access for girls and women. In 2017, the initiative expanded to include knowledge creation through research and engagement with the executive management of news media organizations.
According to the WSCIJ boss, “since inception, the Report Women! Programme has trained 86 fellows across five cohorts, who are now managers, editors, heads of investigative desks, and board members. For this year’s fellowship, the initiative, which is supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, has assembled a crop of seasoned resources persons and mentors on investigating reporting, law, leadership, civil society and media development, to guide and refine the participants skills through training, leadership, storytelling projects an personalised mentorship towards helping them to become confident leaders.”
The resource persons and mentors that facilitated the capacity development programme were Stella Din-Jacob, director of news, TVC Communications, Lagos; Mr Idris Akinbajo, editor-in-chief, Premium Times, Mrs Alaka, CEO WSCIJ; Prof. Ayodele Atsenuwa, immediate past deputy vice-chancellor, UNILAG; Mrs Bimbo Oloyede, CEO, Strictly Speaking Academy; and Juliana Francis, publisher, Security Alert.
“Age gracefully” is a common birthday wish for seniors and the elderly. However, many who send these wishes do not fully understand what it takes to age gracefully. Becoming a senior and ageing gracefully presupposes maintaining good physical, mental, and emotional health as the years pass. Staying healthy, fit, and independent as an older adult requires making certain lifestyle adjustments, even from an early age. These changes are essential in helping individuals maintain a healthy lifestyle.
As we advance in age, most people’s internal organs weaken or become damaged, necessitating regular check-ups for early detection and management of potential health issues.
Additionally, our body’s defence mechanisms decline, making older adults more susceptible to illness, with longer recovery periods. Bones and joints also weaken, which can lead to mobility challenges in some cases.
Many seniors experience difficulties with achieving adequate and regular sleep, which has been medically and scientifically proven to negatively impact overall health and well-being—physically, mentally, and emotionally.
The good news is that many health challenges in older age—whether physical, mental, or emotional—can be mitigated or even reversed through lifestyle changes. In most cases, this requires discipline and determination. Some recommended lifestyle adjustments include the following:
A conscious effort to lose or manage weight. Being overweight or obese can negatively affect the proper functioning of vital internal organs and jeopardise the idea of ageing gracefully.
A commitment to healthy eating habits, including being mindful of what and when we eat and drink.
Engaging in regular and consistent exercise to strengthen bones and joints, ensuring pain-free and independent movement.
Establishing and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule to promote adequate, high-quality rest, essential for physical, mental, and emotional well-being.
Attending regular health check-ups to monitor and strengthen overall well-being, particularly as the body’s defence mechanisms weaken with age.
The importance of quality sleep in ageing
As we age, our circadian rhythm shifts, which can negatively impact sleep quality. Sleep is essential for energy conservation, body recovery, memory retention, emotional regulation, and hormone secretion.
To achieve optimal sleep, it is important to maintain a consistent sleep and wake schedule. Research from the Mayo Clinic and Stanford University suggests that the optimal bedtime for older adults is between 9:00 and 10:00 pm, as it provides the following benefits:
Adequate sleep duration – between 7 and 9 hours per night.
Improved physical recovery – including tissue growth and repair, which primarily occurs during deep sleep. The deeper the sleep, the better the body’s recovery, reducing chronic health risks.
Enhanced mental recovery – sleep plays a crucial role in learning, concentration, and reducing irritability by clearing toxins from the brain.
Better overall restfulness – ensuring that at least 90% of total sleep time is actually spent asleep. Consistent sleep patterns contribute to physical and mental stability while reducing the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Tips for improving sleep quality
To improve both the length and quality of sleep, consider the following strategies:
Avoid heavy meals close to bedtime.
Avoid caffeine in the evening.
Reduce screen time—turn off computers and phones 30 minutes to an hour before bed.
Engage in relaxing activities before sleep, such as reading, light stretching, or yoga.
Dim the lights before bedtime to signal to the body that it is time to wind down.
In conclusion, as we age, our bodies undergo inevitable changes beyond our control. While we cannot stop the ageing process, we can take proactive steps to ensure we age gracefully.
The Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) says it has taken steps toward reducing indices of maternal and child mortality in the territory.
Dr Adedolapo Fasawe, the mandate secretary, health services and environment secretariat, FCTA, stated this during the inauguration of the Maternal Mortality Reduction Innovation and Initiatives (MAMII) programme in Abuja on Monday.
The inauguration of the MAMII programme was part of activities to commemorate the 2025 World Health Day, with the theme “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures.”
Fasawe, who said that maternal and child mortality are majorly due to complications at childbirth, said that the FCT Administration introduced health insurance cover for pregnant women and their newborn to curb mortality.
This, she said, was in line with the administration’s zero tolerance to maternal and infant mortality.
She added that there were also specific programmes that the Federal Government had put in place toward addressing not only the health of the populace, but also for pregnant women and newborn.
According to her, the measure will ensure timely and proper healthcare for pregnant mothers and newborn.
She said “it is a policy of this administration that when a woman has health insurance, her pregnancy and delivery would be covered by the insurance policy.
“In addition, the baby, when delivered, is entitled to a health insurance cover in the first year of his/her life.
“In simple English, delivery is free, and childcare is free.”
She said that the FCTA had set up a health insurance desk in all its facilities and urged pregnant women to register to access free health services.
Fasawe added that the MAMII programme was also organised to educate pregnant women on what President Bola Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda has put in place to reduce maternal and newborn mortality.
She explained that the 2025 theme means a new and bright beginning for pregnant women and a hopeful future for the kids they would give birth to.
Dr Dayo Adeyanju, the National Coordinator of the MAMII programme, said all pregnancies must be well taken care of to achieve healthy beginning under the programme.
Adeyanju added that children must live beyond five years to ensure a hopeful future.
He said, “President Bola Tinubu has directed the Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Pate, to ensure every pregnancy translates to a healthy baby.”
According to him, there is no reason why pregnancy should be a death sentence.
He explained that the MAMII programme is to counter delays that lead to maternal death, either delay in seeking healthcare or delay in receiving healthcare, including reaching healthcare facility.
He explained that part of the strategy was to mobilise women from communities to visit health facilities and ensure they have good transportation.
The coordinator added that caesarean services would also be accessed free at tertiary facilities, which would be extended to general hospitals.
“We are also ensuring that primary and secondary facilities are revitalised to deliver pregnant women safely.
“An accord was signed by the federal, state and local governments. We are all working together to ensure that no woman loses her life while bringing another life.” .
For sustainability, he said every pregnant woman enlisted would be linked to a functional facility where she would access mama kits and a voucher to be transported to the facility for delivery.
On his part, Dr Walter Mulombo, the country representative, World Health Organisation, said that for children to be born healthy, a pregnant mother needs to attend at least four antenatal clinic visits.
Mulombo added that pregnant women also need to take measures and seek care when ill.
The WHO country representative also said that the MAMII programme would be a year-long campaign and urged government to continue to invest in healthcare. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Which of the following statements about lung function tests are correct? A. They always involve administration of bronchodilators before the procedure B. They are used to determine severity of respiratory disease C. They are used to monitor outcomes of therapy
Rising temperature illustration. Image Source : Leadership Newspapers
A Consultant Family Physician, Dr Adesida Adewumi, has warned that heat waves can exacerbate mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
His warning followed several alerts from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), which had cautioned residents in various states about rising temperatures and high humidity levels, likely causing thermal discomfort across regions.
Adewumi stressed that extreme heat had significant implications for both physical and mental well-being. He made the remarks in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Abuja,
“Extreme heat can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke, while prolonged exposure to high temperatures can worsen long-term conditions like heart and lung diseases,” Adewumi stated.
He emphasised that vulnerable groups, including the elderly, children, individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, and people who were overweight, were at higher risk during excessive heat waves.
“Health conditions such as dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and life-threatening heat stroke can result from heat waves,” he added.
Adewumi also pointed out the heightened risks for pregnant women and individuals observing prolonged fasting during a heatwave, urging these groups to take extra precautions.
He advised pregnant women to stay hydrated and avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures, as excessive heat could harm both maternal health and fetal development.
“For those fasting, it’s important to rest in cool places and drink water after sunset and before dawn to avoid dehydration and heat-related illnesses,” he said.
To stay safe, Adewumi recommends drinking at least three litres of water daily, taking cold baths, and cooling off by spraying water on the face or using damp towels.
For too long, many of Africa’s leaders have been driven not by a genuine desire to serve the people but by an insatiable thirst for power and control. This unchecked and often narcissistic ambition has become a dominant force in the political systems of many African countries.
Drawing inspiration from timeless works such as William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Wole Soyinka’s King Baabu, I see clear parallels in the psychological motivations of political leaders today. Both Macbeth, consumed by ambition, and King Baabu, obsessed with control, are ultimately undone by their own flaws. These are not just literary tragedies; they reflect the stark reality of many African nations, where leaders driven by personal gain rather than national progress cling to power for far too long, often with disastrous consequences.
Arguably, the root of Africa’s leadership crisis is not merely bad governance but a psychological issue that extends beyond politics. I ask: When one family or individual monopolises power for generations, is it because the entire nation is unqualified to lead, or is this symptomatic of a deeper issue—mental instability masquerading as leadership? This uncomfortable question strikes at the heart of what I believe to be a critical issue: leadership failure across Africa may stem from unchecked psychological dysfunction. Leaders who cling to power without regard for the common good are not just failures in governance—they may be exhibiting signs of psychopathological conditions that shape their decisions and behaviour.
In addressing this crisis, I see a powerful solution in the interdisciplinary field of Literature and Medicine, particularly psychiatry. Literature offers a unique lens into human nature, helping us understand the psychological underpinnings of ambition, power, and the human condition. Shakespeare’s Macbeth is not merely a tale of historical intrigue; it is an exploration of the dangers of unchecked ambition and the corrupting nature of power. Similarly, Soyinka’s King Baabu serves as a cautionary tale of a leader whose narcissism and obsession with control lead to his downfall. These narratives provide valuable insight into the psychological mechanics of leadership—a perspective often overlooked in discussions on political reform.
Medicine, particularly psychiatry, on the other hand, provides the scientific tools to diagnose and understand the psychological conditions that influence political behaviour. By integrating the wisdom of Literature with the empirical rigour of medical science, I believe we can better understand the mental health dynamics that drive political decisions. This combination could lead to more effective leadership selection processes, healthier political environments, and, ultimately, better governance.
The idea of subjecting politicians to psychiatric evaluations or analysing their psychological profiles may seem unconventional in political discourse. However, as I have argued, the problem extends beyond mere politics. Political systems are driven by people, and to understand leadership, we must first examine the psychological drivers of those who hold power. Leaders consumed by unchecked ambition or narcissism may make decisions that harm their nations, and it is essential to address the mental health issues that contribute to such behaviour.
I am not alone in this thinking. I draw inspiration from scholars such as Prof. Hope Eghagha, Prof. Emmanuel Babatunde Omobowale, and Prof. Laide Nasir, who have demonstrated the potential of interdisciplinary dialogue between the humanities and the sciences. By blending the intellectual insights of Literature with the diagnostic power of Medicine, we can gain a deeper understanding of the psychological undercurrents of leadership. This, I believe, is a crucial step towards reforming Africa’s political systems.
This idea is not merely theoretical; it is a call to action—one that requires a deeper examination of the psychological dimensions of leadership. I am committed to pursuing a PhD in Literature and Medicine to explore how this interdisciplinary field can contribute to resolving Africa’s leadership crisis. By studying the mental health dynamics of leadership and the human condition, I believe we can move towards a more sustainable and equitable model of governance.
As Africa continues to grapple with long-serving leaders, entrenched political dynasties, and stagnation, I call for introspection. Our political systems are not just about policies—they are about the people who lead. The time has come to examine not just political structures but the very psychology of power, as well as the psychodynamics of power mongers. Could it be that we are not merely dealing with bad governance but with deeply ingrained psychopathological conditions that manifest as leadership failure?
Through research and continued exploration of the intersection between Literature and Medicine, we can be hopeful that Africa will develop a new leadership model—one that prioritises understanding the complex human factors that influence political behaviour over the mere pursuit of power. Such intellectual endeavour will contribute to a broader conversation on how to break free from the cycle of power struggles that has hindered Africa’s progress for far too long.
– As NAIP holds 2025 Economic Outlook and CEO Forum
NAIP BOT Chairman, Prof. Lere Baale, MD Fidson Healthcare Limited Dr Fidelis Ayebae, NAIP Chairman Pharm. Ken Onuebgu and PSN President Pharm. Tanko Ayuba at the Economic Outlook and CEOs Forum.
Pharmaceutical industry leaders and an economic expert have urged pharmaceutical manufacturers and other sector players to embrace persistence and innovation to navigate the current economic turbulence affecting the country.
This call to action came at the 2025 Economic Outlook and CEO Forum of the Association of Industrial Pharmacists of Nigeria (NAIP), held on 13 March 2025, in Lagos. The forum brought together pharmaceutical manufacturers and industry leaders to analyse prevailing challenges and strategise on overcoming them.
With the theme “Surviving the Shocks and Taming the Tides by Pharmaceutical Industry Players,” the event provided a platform for thought-provoking discussions on economic uncertainties, regulatory concerns, and pathways for industry growth.
Speaking at the event, the President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN), Pharm. Tanko Ayuba, commended NAIP’s progress, leadership, and foresight, attributing its growth to visionary leadership. “NAIP, under the touch of Dr Lolu Ojo, accelerated in an unprecedented manner, and now, under the leadership of Ken Onuegbu, it continues to thrive,” he said.
He emphasised the crucial role of the manufacturing sector in shaping Nigeria’s pharmaceutical industry and underscored the need for continuous engagement with the government. “When the government discusses pharmaceuticals, they focus on those who drive economic activities rather than the pharmacists themselves. This is why industry players must advocate for policies that genuinely support the sector,” he added.
In his remarks, the Chairman of the occasion and Managing Director/CEO of Fidson Healthcare Limited, Dr Fidelis Ayebae, called for national transformation and ethical business practices. Commenting on Nigeria’s economic and political landscape, he lamented the lack of historical awareness and responsible leadership. He urged business leaders to cultivate humility and long-term vision.
“Nigeria has developed tendencies that destroy not only the present but also the future. We need to build a legacy that upcoming generations can emulate,” he stated. He criticised poor governance and self-serving leadership, advocating for ethical business practices and resilience in the face of adversity.
“The time to build a nation that values hard work and honesty is now. It’s not about the great things; it’s about the little things we have failed to do as a nation. How I wish politicians in this country would lead by example! If they did, things would begin to transform. Unfortunately, they allocate the nation’s resources to themselves at the expense of the people they serve. Do they expect the country to improve under such conditions? It’s not possible.”
Ayebae also urged pharmaceutical company owners to see themselves as servant leaders. “I see myself primarily as a servant to my staff and other stakeholders, not merely as a business owner.” He encouraged industry players to endure the current economic challenges, assuring them that the difficulties will not last forever. He further urged them to operate within legal and ethical boundaries. “Let’s do things within the confines of our legal space—things that help Nigeria, not things that destroy it,” he stated.
Earlier, the Chairman of NAIP, Pharm. Ken Onuegbu, provided an in-depth analysis of the economic turmoil affecting the pharmaceutical industry. He acknowledged that while the challenges are global, Nigeria’s pharmaceutical sector has been particularly hard hit.
According to Onuegbu, the fact that some investors in the industry are still standing today is a testament to their resilience, considering that many local companies have shut down due to their inability to withstand the economic shocks. He lamented the high cost of doing business in Nigeria, citing forex instability, power supply issues, and bureaucratic bottlenecks at the ports.
He said: “The average investor in the pharma industry has endured numerous shocks, from severe economic uncertainties and political and social turmoil to national disasters. You may wonder how we have managed to remain standing. Many of us have faced personal traumas, including kidnapping, declining health, and violent crimes. It is indeed a period of unprecedented struggles and upheavals. Whether in manufacturing or the importation of finished goods, the challenges remain the same—and they are severe.”
Onuegbu went on to highlight the difficulties across the entire pharmaceutical value chain, from maintaining a stable power supply for production to sourcing foreign exchange from the black market, dealing with rising diesel costs, and navigating the risks of distributing products amidst growing security challenges.
“At the ports, it seems as if everyone is waiting to exploit us. Three or four years ago, clearing a 40-foot container cost about ₦10 million; now, it costs between ₦20 million and ₦30 million. The regulatory authorities have also not made things any easier. The reality is that not all of us are tough enough to withstand these shocks—many local companies have shut down in recent years.”
Despite these difficulties, Onuegbu stressed that quitting is not an option. “A radical problem requires a surgical decision. When the going gets tough, the tough get going. Quitting is not the solution.” He urged industry players to persevere, reminding them that “there is always light at the end of the tunnel.”
“Let us hold onto the hope that one day, our country will become a force to reckon with in the pharmaceutical industry, similar to what we see in India, Malaysia, and China. One day, the pharmaceutical sector’s contribution to Nigeria’s GDP could reach 10 per cent or even higher. Let’s stay strong, remain focused, and avoid the temptation to step back—because taking a break will not make us champions,” he concluded.
The Indian Consul General in Lagos, Mr Chandramaouli Kumar Kern, underscored the strong pharmaceutical relationship between India and Nigeria. “India has been a consistent supplier and partner in Nigeria’s pharmaceutical industry. We believe in the importance of local manufacturing and stand ready to support Nigeria in developing a robust pharmaceutical manufacturing model,” he stated.
Kern emphasised that pharmaceutical production is not merely a business but a life-saving effort that requires careful planning and execution. He encouraged Nigerian stakeholders to embrace global collaborations, stating, “This is a global relationship. Nigeria has the potential to be a supplier to the entire African region and beyond.”
Meanwhile, the Pharmacy Council of Nigeria (PCN) has pledged continued support for industrial pharmacists. The Registrar, Pharm. Babashehu Ahmed, represented by Director Amina Umar, praised NAIP and other industry players for their resilience and commitment to excellence. “Your innovative spirit and determination have enabled you to navigate the complexities of the industry,” he said.
The PCN boss projected a positive economic outlook for the sector, citing a potential increase in demand for locally produced medicines, improved foreign exchange stability, and a more favourable business environment. “The Pharmacy Council of Nigeria remains committed to partnering with you to foster innovation and enhance access to essential medicines,” he assured.
Delivering the keynote address on “2025 Economic Outlook: Surviving the Shocks and Taming the Tides by Pharmaceutical Industry Players,” a former Director-General of the Bureau for Public Enterprises, Mr Alexander Ayoola Okon, stressed that Nigeria’s pharmaceutical industry must embrace resilience and innovation to navigate economic turbulence.
Okon described the operating environment in the industry as fraught with uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. He highlighted inflation, currency depreciation, and high energy costs as major factors increasing the cost of pharmaceutical production, making Nigeria less competitive globally. He noted that the naira’s depreciation, currently trading at around ₦1,570 to the US dollar on the parallel market, is exacerbating the difficulties faced by pharmaceutical manufacturers, who rely heavily on imported raw materials and machinery.
Despite these challenges, Okon identified several growth opportunities for Nigeria’s pharmaceutical industry. He pointed to the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), with its $3.4 trillion market, as a chance for Nigerian pharmaceutical firms to expand exports and increase market share across Africa.
“The Nigerian Pharma Industry Plan aims to boost local production of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) to 40 per cent by 2030, reducing import dependence. Investing in local vaccine production for malaria, tuberculosis, and hepatitis can improve public health outcomes and reduce reliance on imports. The rise of telemedicine and online pharmacies offers new distribution models that enhance drug accessibility,” he said.
The event was attended by notable industry leaders, including the Director-General of NAFDAC (represented), the Chairman of the PSN Board of Fellows, and various association leaders and company CEOs.
L-R: Pharm. Fidelis Ayebae; Pharm. Olakunle Ekundayo; and Pharm. Patrick Ajah
As the Nigerian government begins the implementation of the presidential executive order granting a two-year exemption from import duties and Value Added Tax (VAT) on pharmaceutical raw materials, local manufacturers have reacted with cautious optimism, stating that while the policy is a step in the right direction, it is unlikely to lead to a drastic reduction in the cost of medicines.
The waiver, implemented by the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), is aimed at boosting local drug production, reducing the cost of medicines and medical supplies, and attracting investment into the healthcare sector. While industry leaders acknowledge the move will help stabilise prices, they insist that other factors—such as foreign exchange volatility, energy costs, and local market demand—are far more influential in determining the cost of pharmaceuticals.
In exclusive interviews with Pharmanews, Dr Fidelis Ayebae, managing director of Fidson Healthcare Plc; Pharm. Patrick Ajah, managing director of May & Baker Nigeria Plc; and Pharm. Olakunle Ekundayo, group managing director of Drugfield Pharmaceuticals Ltd, shared their perspectives on the potential impact of the policy.
Dr Ayebae cautioned that any price reductions would take time to materialise, estimating a three-month lag before consumers might notice even a slight decrease in drug costs.
“You won’t see an immediate drop in drug prices, and I want to be honest about that. Of course, I could tell you, ‘Yes, prices will fall right away,’ and everyone would be pleased—but that wouldn’t be the truth,” he said.
“Manufacturers will proceed with caution before lowering prices. Even though fuel prices have somewhat stabilised, uncertainty remains about whether they will rise again soon. Once we have greater clarity on fuel and forex rates, then this policy could lead to a minimum price reduction of five to ten per cent. But it won’t happen overnight,” he explained.
As the immediate past chairman of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Group of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (PMGMAN), Ayebae elaborated on how the policy might influence local production. He pointed out that while the exemption will provide some relief in working capital, manufacturers need broader financial incentives to expand capacity.
“This will certainly increase production capacity to some extent. With reduced costs, manufacturers can reinvest some of their funds into expansion. However, real growth will require more than just this waiver—we need long-term financial support and stability in forex and energy costs.”
He projected that, if the policy is effectively implemented, local drug manufacturing could account for at least 50 per cent of Nigeria’s total drug consumption within two years.
“If properly executed, this could push local manufacturing input to a minimum of 50 per cent of total drug consumption in Nigeria. Companies like Emzor, SKG Pharma, Mecure, Saga, Jawa, and Fidson are already expanding their production capacities. This collective growth will drive a significant shift towards local pharmaceutical self-sufficiency.”
For Pharm. Ajah, foreign exchange fluctuations remain the dominant factor in pricing pharmaceuticals. He argued that without a stable forex rate, any cost reductions from duty exemptions would be marginal at best.
“This policy will help prevent further price increases, particularly if forex remains stable. However, duties are only one part of overall costs. If the exchange rate fluctuates unpredictably, then any potential savings from the waiver will be wiped out,” Ajah said.
When asked if the policy would lead to increased production, he was sceptical.
“This alone will not significantly impact production capacity. It will certainly help stabilise prices for some products, but the real issue is forex. If we want to truly lower drug prices, we need forex stability.”
Pharm. Olakunle shared similar concerns but emphasised that government support for local manufacturers would be even more critical than tax exemptions.
“This waiver will bring price stability and improve product availability, but Nigerians also need to play their part. They should prioritise locally manufactured pharmaceutical products,” he urged.
“Health institutions and government agencies should also lead by example—prioritising locally made medicines in procurement. Increased patronage would have a much greater long-term impact on production capacity than just a duty exemption.”
Pharmacist (Mrs) Olufunmilayo Ajoke Agbeniyi is a distinguished healthcare professional and leader who currently serves as a deputy director of pharmaceutical services at Agege Local Government Area, District 1, under the Lagos State Primary Healthcare Board.
Agbeniyi’s journey into the pharmaceutical profession began with a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, in 1987. She is currently undergoing her consultancy programme at the West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, specialising in Public Health.
She commenced her career at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, where she completed her internship from 1987 to 1988. She was subsequently posted to the Lagos State Ministry of Health, Onikan Health Centre, for her National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) programme. She later secured a full-time appointment at OAUTHC as a Grade 1 Pharmacist.
A dynamic pharmacist with extensive knowledge across various areas of pharmaceutical practice, her passion for comprehensive healthcare, patient confidentiality, and pharmacodynamics led her into community pharmacy. She later transitioned into industrial pharmacy, where she actively engaged in regulatory affairs and production, serving as a superintendent pharmacist and production manager at Doyin Pharmaceuticals Ltd and Nigerian German Chemicals PLC, respectively.
Agbeniyi’s commitment to quality healthcare and community service led her back to the Lagos State Primary Healthcare Board in 2008, where she has spearheaded several impactful projects over the years.
A results-oriented professional, Agbeniyi has been instrumental in numerous initiatives that have significantly improved maternal health outcomes. She actively participated in the RICOM3 Project (Reducing Indirect Causes of Maternal Mortality and Morbidity) in Nigeria, launched in 2019 and concluded in 2022. She is also involved in the ongoing Digital Mom project by mDoc, which aims to accelerate access to screening and management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anaemia, and obesity at maternal healthcare points.
As a deputy director of pharmaceutical services, the amiable Agbeniyi has mentored several professionals through her supervisory role, providing guidance in professional activities, supportive supervision, and capacity building at the Lagos State Primary Healthcare Board.
A vibrant pharmacist, she composed the ALPs song and currently serves as the chairperson for International Women’s Day and International Day of the Girl Child. She led the 2025 celebrations, during which two girls were awarded scholarships, and several women received empowerment support.
In recognition of her years of voluntary service across various organisations—including AHAPN, PSN, ALPs, LGAs, conferences, and medical outreaches—she was honoured with the Distinguished Service Award of AHAPN in 2024. Agbeniyi also ranked among the top three in Quality Improvement at the District Awards Programme for Best Performing Staff in 2024.
She is happily married and blessed with a wonderful family.
