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Tuesday 17th April, 2012, was observed globally as the World Haemophilia Day with the theme: “CLOSE THE GAP”. On that day, the Haemophilia Foundation of Nigeria (HFN) joined the international bleeding disorders community to observe the important occasion.
The theme was necessitated by the fact that the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH), found out that, to date, out of 100 persons with bleeding disorders, only 25 per cent get access to right treatment. The remaining 75 per cent have limited or no access to treatment at all.
Nigeria falls among this category. Thus, the HFN calls on everyone to help spread the message.
“Join us as we spread the news by sticking one ‘CLOSE THE GAP’ sticker on your car, house, books, refrigerators etc., for a token donation of just N10,” the body stated in a statement.
“Each sticker reminds you of a child in the village, who is bleeding either from circumcision, fall, or tooth extraction. It also reminds you of a mother who is bleeding non-stop from child birth. Help us STOP THE BLEED today,” it concluded.
What, therefore, is haemophilia? According to the online resource, Wikipedia, haemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that impair the body’s ability to control blood clotting or coagulation, which is used to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is broken.
The HFN describes haemophilia as an inherited bleeding disorder. “People with haemophilia do not bleed any faster than normal, but longer. This is because their blood does not have enough clotting factors. Clotting factors are proteins in blood that help control bleeding.”
Haemophilia lowers blood plasma clotting factor levels of the coagulation factors needed for a normal clotting process. Thus when a blood vessel is injured, a temporary scab does form, but the missing coagulation factors prevent fibrin formation, which is necessary to maintain the blood clot. A haemophiliac does not bleed more intensely than a person without it, but can bleed for a much longer time. In severe haemophiliacs even a minor injury can result in blood loss lasting days or weeks, or even never healing completely. In areas such as the brain or inside joints, this can be fatal or permanently debilitating.
Characteristic symptoms vary with severity. In general symptoms are internal or external bleeding episodes, which are called “bleeds”. Patients with more severe haemophilia suffer more severe and more frequent bleeds, while patients with mild haemophilia typically suffer more minor symptoms except after surgery or serious trauma. Moderate haemophiliacs have variable symptoms which manifest along a spectrum between severe and mild forms.
Prolonged bleeding and re-bleeding are the diagnostic symptoms of haemophilia. Internal bleeding is common in people with severe haemophilia and some individuals with moderate haemophilia. The most characteristic type of internal bleed is a joint bleed where blood enters into the joint spaces. This is most common with severe haemophiliacs and can occur spontaneously (without evident trauma). If not treated promptly, joint bleeds can lead to permanent joint damage and disfigurement. Bleeding into soft tissues such as muscles and subcutaneous tissues is less severe but can lead to damage and requires treatment.
Children with mild to moderate haemophilia may not have any signs or symptoms at birth especially if they do not undergo circumcision. Their first symptoms are often frequent and large bruises and haematomas from frequent bumps and falls as they learn to walk. Swelling and bruising from bleeding in the joints, soft tissue, and muscles may also occur. Children with mild haemophilia may not have noticeable symptoms for many years. Often, the first sign in very mild haemophiliacs is heavy bleeding from a dental procedure, an accident, or surgery. Females who are carriers usually have enough clotting factors from their one normal gene to prevent serious bleeding problems, though some may present as mild haemophiliacs.
Severe complications are much more common in severe and moderate haemophiliacs. Complications may be both directly from the disease or from its treatment:
Deep internal bleeding, e.g. deep-muscle bleeding, leading to swelling, numbness or pain of a limb.
Joint damage from haemarthrosis (haemophilic arthropathy), potentially with severe pain, disfigurement, and even destruction of the joint and development of debilitating arthritis.
Transfusion transmitted infection from blood transfusions that are given as treatment.
Adverse reactions to clotting factor treatment, including the development of an immune inhibitor which renders factor replacement less effective.
Intracranial haemorrhage is a serious medical emergency caused by the buildup of pressure inside the skull. It can cause disorientation, nausea, loss of consciousness, brain damage, and death.
The Nigerian Challenge
According to the HFN, about 70 per cent of boys born with haemophilia die before they are even diagnosed. This is because in a country where circumcision is both a religious and cultural belief many of these boys die at circumcision. The 30 per cent which do survive face a life of crippling pain and disability. It is almost impossible for a boy with a bleeding disorder in Nigeria to attain adolescent without a limb disability.
Prior to 2005 in Nigeria, the only available means of treatment had been whole blood, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, all of which has the risk of blood borne diseases. From as early as a 15 day old, a boy started experiencing blood transfusion; and by the time he was 8 years old, he has had as many as 7 blood transfusions.
“The search for alternative treatment yielded results in 2004, when I met the WFH. I found out that there were genetically prepared anti-hemophilic concentrates which are safer. However, this too came with its own challenge; they are very expensive,” said Megan Adediran, HFN founder.
“A boy who weighs 30kg requires 450 IU (international unit), while and adult of 60kg requires 900 IU to treat a moderate bleed. With 300 IU costing around N91,000, it means the child needs about N140,000 while the adult N273,000 respectively per dose.
For a family with two sons weighing 45 kg and 23kg respectively; both with the severe form, it means such a family needs about N364,000 weekly to keep the boys alive. This is because a person with severe haemophilia bleeds at least once a week. How much must a parent earn to be able to cope? No parent in Nigeria can afford this.
In 2005, Nigeria’s factor concentrate consumption stood at 0 i.u per capita; whereas the WFH and WHO’s approved consumption rate is a minimum of 1 i.u per capita. HFN with the support of the WFH has in six years distributed for free factor concentrates worth over half a billion naira to persons across the nation. These donations moved our consumption rate to 0.002 i.u by 2010; a data we hope to improve upon this year.
Between 2008 and 2009, a number of persons with bleeding disorders died due to bleeds that could be averted if we had enough treatment products. Presently, many of these boys and men are confined to wheel chairs and crutches requiring surgeries to correct their affected limbs. A number cannot go to school, while those working face threats of losing their jobs, because of constant absenteeism from work. Some have even had their legs amputated.”
Life Expectancy
Like most aspects of the disorder, life expectancy varies with severity and adequate treatment. People with severe haemophilia who don’t receive adequate, modern treatment have greatly shortened lifespans and often do not reach maturity. Prior to the 1960s when effective treatment became available, average life expectancy was only 11 years. By the 1980s the life span of the average haemophiliac receiving appropriate treatment was 50–60 years. Today with appropriate treatment, males with haemophilia typically have a near normal quality of life with an average lifespan approximately 10 years shorter than an unaffected male.
Since the 1980s the primary leading cause of death of people with severe haemophilia has shifted from haemorrhage to HIV/AIDS acquired through treatment with contaminated blood products. The second leading cause of death related to severe haemophilia complications is intracranial haemorrhage which today accounts for one third of all deaths of patients with haemophilia. Two other major causes of death include: hepatitis infections causing cirrhosis and, obstruction of air or blood flow due to soft tissue haemorrhage.
Causes
Haemophilia A is a recessive X-linked genetic disorder involving a lack of functional clotting Factor VIII and represents 80% of haemophilia cases.
Haemophilia B is a recessive X-linked genetic disorder involving a lack of functional clotting Factor IX. It comprises approximately 20% of haemophilia cases.
Haemophilia C is an autosomal genetic disorder (i.e. not X-linked) involving a lack of functional clotting Factor XI. Haemophilia C is not completely recessive, as heterozygous individuals also show increased bleeding.
Severity
There are numerous different mutations which cause each type of haemophilia. Due to differences in changes to the genes involved, patients with haemophilia often have some level of active clotting factor. Individuals with less than 1% active factor are classified as having severe haemophilia, those with 1-5% active factor have moderate haemophilia, and those with mild haemophilia have between 5-40% of normal levels of active clotting factor.
Management
Commercially produced factor concentrates such as “Advate”, a recombinant Factor VIII, come as a white powder in a vial which must be mixed with sterile water prior to intravenous injection.
Though there is no cure for haemophilia, it can be controlled with regular infusions of the deficient clotting factor, i.e. factor VIII in haemophilia A or factor IX in haemophilia B. Factor replacement can be either isolated from human blood serum, recombinant, or a combination of the two. Some haemophiliacs develop antibodies (inhibitors) against the replacement factors given to them, so the amount of the factor has to be increased or non-human replacement products must be given, such as porcine factor VIII.
If a patient becomes refractory to replacement coagulation factor as a result of circulating inhibitors, this may be partially overcome with recombinant human factor VII (NovoSeven), which is registered for this indication in many countries.
About 2000 years ago, Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life.” John 6:35. This bread is the Word of God. Just as bread nourishes the body, the Word of God provides the spiritual nourishment. Jesus picked a popular and nutritious food as a metaphor to drive home His message. At that time, bread was the brown whole-wheat bread and not the white bread many consume today. Whole-wheat bread is commonly served with the menu for breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is the basic and traditional food. (Not in our own environment). No wonder Jesus described Himself as the bread of life. Mrs Sarah Abraham was very good at baking delicious bread for Pa Abraham and their guests. They enjoyed healthy meals of bread, meat of grass-fed animals and a glass of fresh milk and wine.
White bread and wheat bread are both from wheat berries which have three nutrient-rich parts – the outer layer (bran), the innermost area (germ) and the starchy part in-between (endosperm). Whole bread has all the three nutritious parts but white bread has only the starchy endosperm. In the manufacture of white flour the bran and the germ which contain 76% of the vitamins and minerals and 97% of the dietary fiber are lost. Virtually all vitamin E is lost. The remaining flour contains poor quality protein and fattening starch. The following are lost: Calcium (50%), phosphorus (70%), iron (80%), magnesium (98%), manganese (75%), potassium (50%), copper (65%), thiamin (80%), riboflavin (60%), niacin (75%), panthothenic acid (50%), pyridoxine (50%) etc.
Fortification by adding vitamins and minerals brings only a minor improvement on white bread as only iron, niacin,thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid may be replaced.
Whole-wheat bread is rich in calcium and can provide almost 20% of our calcium intake which helps prevent anaemia in women and pregnant mothers.
Apart from this, flour used to make white bread is chemically bleached with oxides of nitrogen, chlorine, chloride, nitrosyl and benzoyl peroxide mixed with various chemical salts. Chloride oxide when combined with proteins produces alloxan, a poison that has been used to induce diabetes in laboratory animals.
The bleached flour is further whitened by adding chalk, alum, ammonium carbonate and other chemicals to make it more appealing to customers.
White bread is, therefore, nutritionally inferior to whole -wheat bread. Please note that white bread comes in different shades of brown, from very light to very dark depending on the maker. Do not be deceived by coloured white bread.
Heavy consumers of white bread may be slowly killing themselves. After all, we kill ourselves gradually by what we eat. Dr. Gueniot of Paris, on reaching his hundredth year, said, “Man does not die, but he kills himself.” Healthy living is a matter of attitude to life, thinking the right thoughts and a matter of what you eat. Whole bread which Jesus referred to says, “I have come to give you abundant life.” On the other hand, white bread says, “I have come to steal your life, to destroy your body and eventually kill you.”
Dietary fiber slows digestion down so that the starches convert to blood sugar more slowly and, therefore, reduces the glycemic index (GI). The glycemic index tells you how quickly food turns into sugar in your system. Glycemic load looks at both the GI and the amount of carbohydrate in a food, giving you a more accurate idea of how food may affect your blood sugar level. High GI foods spike your blood sugar rapidly, while low GI foods have less effects.
Fiber can help lose or maintain weight because eating fiber-dense wheat bread helps you feel full. The fiber in bread can help prevent constipation. Research has shown that men and women who ate high-fiber bread had fewer heart attacks and strokes. Switching over from white to whole wheat-wheat bread lowers heart disease risk by 20%. Fiber lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol in the body.
All the chemicals from white flour and other elements in our environment wreak havoc on the human body. Laboratory rats usually die in a week to ten days when placed on a diet of white flour. A tremendous amount of strain is placed on the pancreas when it is forced to try to protect the body from chemicals.
Toasting bread only changes its appearance and crunchiness but has little effect on its nutritional value. When bread is exposed to heat (toasted) a chemical reaction called Maillard reaction takes place between carbohydrates and amino acids on the surface of the bread. This reaction produces a substance called acrylamide, which in high doses, has been linked to cancer. Therefore, it is not advisable to eat very burnt areas of the toast.
Why am I writing this? My intention is obvious. I want to discourage you from consuming products made from white flour. Apart from their poor nutritional value, they contain chemicals that are injurious to your body. They cause various diseases which may lead to premature death.
The title of a book of one of my favourite authors, Dr. Don Colbert, MD, is “What You Don’t Know May Be Killing You.” Whether you know it or not, white bread is causing havoc in our bodies. Hosea 4:6 says, “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge.” Your ignorance of the dangers of products made from white flour does not exempt you from the consequences of their consumption. Whole-wheat bread gives life but white bread brings death. Blessed are you if you know the truth and do it.
Most of us are full of activities every minute of the day. We are busy doing one thing or the other. Some of these activities may not even be necessary or relevant. They may not just be adding value to our lives but may even be counter-productive. We do them in order to survive or to please others. Today’s professionals, business executives and politicians are under pressure to succeed. The depressing economic environment has tended to increase the pressures of life. Several long meetings are held in companies with strong coffee and buscuits to keep members mentally alert. These pressures also result in cardiovascular and other diseases. Life expectancy continues to be compromised.
I know that in Lagos, where I live, some workers leave home around 6.00am and return around 8.00pm after wadding through the Lagos traffic. I had that experience in the late seventies when I was working at Apapa and living at Maryland. The situation has not changed much.
This type of life, with its never-ending anxieties, worries and stress cannot easily allow quality quiet time, silence and meditation. But it is in this mental silence that we can access our hidden consciousness. We must find time to be alone and maintain silence. In order to achieve silence, we must give up worries about the future and regrets about the past. We must let go some thoughts, emotions and strivings, and foster spirituality and inner communion with God. Silence and meditation can be an antidote to the habit of being continually busy or involved in one sort of meeting or another. Mahatama Gandhi said, “In the attitude of silence…what is elusive and deceptive resolves itself into crystal clearness. Our life is a long and arduous quest after Truth.” Martin Farquhar Tipper said, “Well-timed silence has more eloquence than speech.”
Man needs time for meditation and prayer. Daily meditation is necessary to the soul as is nourishment to the body. During this time, we consciously purify ourselves of worldly or personal preoccupations and surrender ourselves wholly to the consciousness of God.
What time do you have to listen to the voice of your sub-conscious? You must stay alone with yourself for a while every day. Great people avoid the company of other people from time to time. They lock themselves up in a room and stay alone to meditate. This is one secret of their achievements. Jesus Christ taught me that lesson. Occassionally, He would leave His disciples and hibernate in a quiet and lonely place. Why did He do that? He wanted to recover and build up spiritual and physical energy. If Jesus, being God, did that, why do you think that, as an ordinary human being, you can continue sapping yourself without replenishment?
You can be more productive in your work, if you do like Jesus from time to time. Take time off your busy schedule to stay alone in a quiet place and listen to your inner self. I assure you that you will surprise yourself. You will receive some suggestions on how to tackle that problem that defied all solutions. Your sub-conscious can give you ideas to surmount some difficulties and overcome hardships. You receive directions on where to go, what to do, the book to read, whom to phone and so on. I must confess here that, as a Christian, I am still trying to understand how the Spirit of God relates with the sub-conscious.
Some people are not comfortable when they are not talking. If there is no person to talk to they pick up their phones. But we should crave the opportunity to talk less. Diogenes Laertius said, “We have two ears and only one tongue in order that we may hear more and speak less.” Charles Caleb Colton also said, “Men are born with two eyes, but only one tongue, in order that they should see twice as much as they say.”
I like to hold meetings with myself as often as possible. For me, the most effective time for meetings is in the morning before the day’s work. Planning is one crucial activity that assures a successful day. Every activity, however insignificant it might be, should be considered. This is a to-do list. Places to go, phone calls to make, text messages to send, letters or articles to write, money to spend, meetings to attend, visitors to receive and so on. In taking decisions on these issues, I consider their health, economic, time, intellectual, and social implications. Knowing full well that my hours in the day are limited and my stamina is declining as a result of age, I prioritise the activities. Sometimes, two or more important activities clash at the same time. In such situations, I hold an equally important meeting with myself to arrive at a reasonable and justifiable decision. I try to avoid unscheduled activites. One benefit of this type of meeting and documentation is that I never forget what I have planned to do each day. I control the day.
There is something about silence. Silence may not necessarily mean soundproofing yourself. It has got to do more with how you listen. That is why Sri Chinmoy said, “Silence is not silent. Silence speaks. It speaks most eloquently. Silence is not still. It leads perfectly.” Once a while, I have experienced silence in church during praise and worship and even sermons. I fail to hear the sounds around me but listen to the inner voice. As I receive any message, I write it down. For this reason, I have my pen and paper at all times.
What is your impression of malaria? As a mother, do you see it as a deadly disease or one to be handled with levity? Do you belong to that group of mothers that do not bother to treat malaria in your child when you notice its symptoms?
Well, even if you do not bother that malaria could make your child miss some days at school, experts warn that it should concern you that it might turn out to be cerebral malaria, a severe form of the disease, whose aftermath, when not treated promptly, may be epilepsy. Cerebral malaria, one of the deadliest forms of malaria, is a medical emergency demanding immediate diagnosis and treatment. Experts warn that malaria is best prevented, especially since its severe form is a potential cause of epilepsy in children. This is the crux of our research in this edition.
Looking at the retina in the eyes of patients with cerebral malaria has provided scientists with a vital insight into why malaria infection in the brain is so deadly. In a study funded by the Wellcome Trust and Fight for Sight and published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, researchers in Malawi have shown for the first time in patients that the build-up of infected blood cells in the narrow blood vessels of the brain leads to a potentially lethal lack of oxygen to the brain.
Malaria is one of the world’s biggest killers, killing over a million people every year, mainly children and pregnant women in Africa, and adults in South-east Asia. Malaria parasites enter the bloodstream from bites by infected mosquitoes and live in red blood cells, making them stick to the inside of narrow blood vessels and causing blockages. Most deaths occur as a result of cerebral malaria, where red blood cells infected by malaria parasites build up into the brain, leading to coma and convulsions and, if not treated swiftly, death.
Scientists have known for some time that cerebral malaria is accompanied by changes in the retina, known as malarial retinopathy which can be seen by examining the eye. Because the retina can be considered as an extension of the central nervous system, it has been used previously as a “window into the brain”, allowing for swifter diagnosis of cerebral malaria. However, until now it was not clearly understood why the disease should be so deadly.
Cerebral malaria is a severe or complicated form of malaria affecting the brain, occurring predominantly in children, with a mortality rate of 15-25 per cent. It affects about one million children every year, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. Coma, headaches, seizures, and impaired consciousness are frequent manifestations of this infection.
Children less than five years of age are particularly susceptible because of low levels of immunity. It only takes one bite from an infected mosquito to contract the disease that directly affects the brain, causing fever, vomiting, chills, and coma.
In addition, children with cerebral malaria are at risk of developing several adverse neurological outcomes, including epilepsy, disruptive behaviour disorders and disabilities characterised by motor, sensory or language deficits. Since most of the neurological effects did not present themselves immediately, they were not evident at the time of the child’s discharge from the hospital after the initial malaria illness.
A new study on cerebral malaria in African children reported that almost a third of cerebral malaria survivors developed epilepsy or other behavioural disorders.
The research, which appeared in the journal, The Lancet Neurology, looked at several hundred children during a nearly five-year period in Blantyre, Malawi. The children were evaluated for cognitive function in three major areas: attention, working memory, and tactile learning. Evaluation was done at hospitalisation, six months after the initial malaria episode, and two years after the episode.
They found that at six months, 21 per cent of children with cerebral malaria had cognitive impairment compared with six per cent of their healthy Ugandan peers. At two years, cognitive impairment was present in 26 per cent of the patients, compared with 8 per cent of the community children.
The researchers involved in this first-ever prospective study of cerebral malaria survivors that included a control group suggested that cognitive impairment may begin to manifest itself months after the initial episode. In fact, cognitive function was most dramatically impaired in the area of attention.
The impact of the findings on African society is no doubt immeasurable. By extrapolation, they stated that about 135,000 African children younger than five years might have developed epilepsy due to cerebral malaria-induced brain injury each year, and cerebral malaria may be one of the more common causes of epilepsy in malaria-endemic regions.
Since these are children that had survived the malaria, their quality of life and what they contribute to society is severely hampered, the experts declared the need to be more aggressive in treating the two major risk factors: seizures and high fever before better treatment for seizure and fever are identified in hopes of minimising the risk of epilepsy in years to come.
Previous studies had linked epilepsy to disruption of brain development during early childhood – roughly between the ages of one and five -because of the fragility of the brain during this period.
Nonetheless, Dr. Ikeoluwa Lagunju, a consultant paediatric neurologist, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Oyo State, declaring the importance of preventing malaria, stated that cerebral malaria was a severe form of malaria in which you have malaria parasite invading the brain.
Dr. Lagunju stated: “We see cases of cerebral malaria quite often, particularly during the rainy season. Transmission of malaria parasite is quite high during the rainy season and so you tend to have many cases of malaria and its severe forms during this season.”
According to her, “malaria parasite is usually found circulating in the blood stream and that is why you have fever, vomiting, chills and rigours. But in severe cases, these parasites would go through the blood to the brain and when you have a heavy load of malaria parasite in the brain, it is believed that it could block some blood vessels, cause swelling of the brain and some other abnormalities.
“When this happens, the child becomes unconscious, but afterwards, a number of them recover consciousness. But cerebral malaria is highly fatal and can kill rapidly, with poor management, when it is not recognised or involves someone who has not been in a malaria-endemic area.
However, Dr Lagunju remarked that in those who survived cerebral malaria, the brain had been affected. “It is a form of injury to the brain. The brain is peculiar in the sense that it does not regenerate. You can injure your finger nail and then it grows back. You can have a wound and then you lose the skin and the skin grows back, but the brain is not like that,” she stated.
According to her, ‘If you have a child who has had cerebral malaria, he may recover from the illness, but then he may have problems with vision and hearing and few of them may later continue to have seizures and have what we call epilepsy.
“So, these are the things that we worry about with cerebral malaria and that is why prevention of malaria remains the best option.”
Certainly, nobody can tell which malaria will be severe enough to involve the brain. According to Dr Lagunju, the best option is to prevent malaria through the use of insecticide-treated nets, ensure clean surroundings, maintain low lawns and clean drains, prevent stagnant waters and ensure a clean environment.
She reiterated the need for mothers to know how to treat malaria. “Gone are the days of: are you a doctor? Why did you then give anti-malarial medicines? We actually expected that mothers should have a pack of rapidly acting anti-malarial drug that they can readily administer as soon as they notice that the child is unwell. This will help to quickly clear the malaria parasite and reduce the risk of the child going on to develop severe forms of malaria.”
Professor Surajudeen Arigbabu, a consultant neurosurgeon at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, reiterated that once the brain is injured, it cannot recover. According to him,” for any loss of a part of the brain or an injury, the effect is permanent and for that reason, if a person is diagnosed with cerebral malaria and there is a damage to any part of the brains later in life, that part of the brain that is damaged may become an epileptogenic focus and with resultant convulsions from time to time.”
In new research, Dr Nick Beare of the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, together with colleagues at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, examined the retinas of 34 children admitted to the hospital with cerebral malaria. They used a technique known as fluorescein angiography, which involves injecting a special dye into the arm intravenously and photographing its passage through the blood vessels of the retina. It is used to identify fluid leakage or blockages in the small blood vessels at the back of the eye.
More than four in five of the children examined by Dr Beare and colleagues were found to have impaired blood flow in the blood vessels of their eyes. Three-quarters had whitening to areas of the retina where blood did not appear to reach, implying that the parasites were disrupting the supply of oxygen and nutrients.
“We have previously used the retina to accurately diagnose severe malaria, but now this window into the brain has opened up our knowledge of what makes cerebral malaria so deadly,” says Dr Beare. “This is the first study to clearly show impaired blood flow in the eyes of patients with cerebral malaria. It has provided strong evidence to support what, until now, had been merely hypothesised: that cerebral malaria causes inadequate blood flow to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and causing potentially life-threatening damage.”
If caught in time, the effects of cerebral malaria can be reversed with no lasting damage to the patient’s cognitive functions or vision. Dr Beare believes these new findings point to new therapeutic measures for treating cerebral malaria more effectively, particularly in comatose children.
“Many children are dying across Africa with cerebral malaria because we don’t understand how to help them whilst the anti-malarial drugs have an effect,” he says. “Drugs that improve circulation and limit the damage caused by the lack of oxygen could help prevent many deaths.”
The research has been welcomed by Michele Acton, chief executive of Fight for Sight, who comments: “The findings of Dr Beare’s work on malaria are incredibly important. Fight for Sight is delighted to have helped to fund such progress towards better therapies to prevent children dying from cerebral malaria.”
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Who is your beloved? Whom do you cherish above others and care for the most? That person is the apple of your eye. No wonder David requested of God, “Keep me as the apple of your eye” (Psalm 17:8). God so loved and cared for His people that Moses wrote in Deuteronomy 32:10, “He shielded them and cared for them, guarding them as the apple of His eye.” God so treasures His word and laws that He said, “Keep my commands and live, my teaching as the apple of your eye” (Proverbs 7:2). King Solomon in his Song of Songs 2:5 said, “Strengthen me with raisin cakes, and refresh me with apples, for I am weak with love.” The refreshing property of apples was acknowledged by the wise King Solomon.
In the Garden of Eden, God provided varieties of delicious apple fruits for Adam and Eve to eat and enjoy good health. Therefore, the history of apple fruits started with the creation of the world about 6,000 years ago. Apple fruits are cultivated in most parts of the world and there are more than 7,500 varieties, with about 2,500 varieties grown in the USA.
Martin Luther was quoted as saying, “Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree.” This sounds funny but it reveals the value Martin Luther placed on apples. Apple is such a popular fruit that virtually everybody eats it.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), an English physicist and mathematician, observed an apple fall from a tree and wondered how the fruit was able to fall on its own. His question and reasoning led him to think of the Universal Law of Gravitation. Bernard M. Baruch said, “Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the one who asked why.”
The saying that an apple a day keeps the doctor away is a scientific fact. This simply means that eating apples keeps you healthy – a fact which many people do not know. Nutritional scientists have proven the health benefits of apples, beyond doubt over the generations. Nature has put many health-promoting ingredients in the apple fruit, thereby making it an ideal fruit for everyone. Apple contains quercetin, an antioxidant that protects the brain cells from free radical damage, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinsonism. It prevents cells from initiating cancer. Quercetin is also found in green tea, red wine, garlic, tomatoes, grapes and berries. Pectin contained in apples lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol and increases the good cholesterol thereby keeping down the blood pressure. The phytonutrients in apples can help regulate the blood sugar by preventing spikes in blood sugar through a variety of mechanisms. It slows down carbohydrate digestion. Querctin and other flavonoids found in apples inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes like alpha-amylase and alpha-glucoside. In addition, the polyphenols in apples have been shown to lessen absorption of glucose from the digestive tract; to stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin; and to increase uptake of glucose from the blood. All of these mechanisms triggered by apple polyphenols can make it easier for you to regulate your blood sugar. It also supplies galacturonic acid, which lowers the body’s need for insulin.
Apple lowers the risk of particularly lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and liver cancer. It has outstanding ability, among other fruits, in the lowering of lung cancer risk. It has health benefits in asthma. Apple’s anti-asthma benefits are definitely associated with the antioxidant anti-inflammatory nutrients found in the fruit. It also contains a flavanoid called phoridzin, which increases bone density. Those who want to lose weight should eat apples. Recent research has shown that people report less hunger after eating apples. When apples are eaten before a meal, the caloric intake at that meal is decreased. Therefore, it helps us manage our hunger and feeling more satisfied with our food.
Apples have relatively low glycemic index (GI) of 38, compared with other fruits like orange (43), mango (55), pawpaw (58), banana (62), pineapple (66), and watermelon (72). The GI tells you how quickly a food turns into sugar in your system. High GI foods spike your blood sugar rapidly, while low GI foods have less effect. Diabetics, in particular, should take more of fruits with low GI like apples and reduce consumption of the ones with higher GI. Apple fruits are rich in fibers which help to protect mucous membrane of the colon from exposure to toxic substances by binding cancer-causing chemicals in the colon. The fiber found in apple may combine with other apple nutrients to provide you with the health benefits that are particularly important in prevention of heart disease through healthy regulation of blood fat levels.
Apple fruit contains good quantities of vitamin-C and beta-carotene, which are powerful antioxidants. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals from the body. In addition, apple fruit is a good source of B-complex vitamins, such as riboflavin, thiamin and pyridoxine (vitamin B-6). It also contains small amounts of minerals like potassium, phosphorus and calcium.
Potassium is an important component of cells and body fluids helping to control heart rate and blood pressure; this counters the bad influences of sodium.
Apple has properties that no other fruits have individually. Apple combines everything other fruits have and this makes it a unique fruit. Consumption of apples makes one healthy and keeps the doctor away. This cannot be said of oranges, bananas, mangoes etc. The big question is how many apples do you eat in a month? Even Americans, on the average, eat an apple a week.
Pattern implementation of regulated course of on SharePoint utilizing Infowise Final Types bundle. You possibly can obtain this self putting in web site template for WSS three.zero and SharePoint Basis four.zero right here: http://infowisesolutions.com/template.aspx?id=DeviationReport
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ADDS Prescription drugs, privately funded by Encinal Pharmaceutical Funding, LLC, is a biopharmaceutical firm specialised within the improvement of optimized medicines utilizing its diversified supply applied sciences for unmet therapeutically wants.
ADDS Prescription drugs is headquartered in Silicon Valley (Sunnyvale), California, USA.
For extra data, please go to us at http://www.addspharma.com or go to our Net Retailer at http://www.aqua66.com
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Gregg Lapointe shares his firm’s distinctive strategy and uncommon dedication to discovering remedies and cures for sufferers affected by uncommon illnesses.
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http://homefirst.com/ Sure, pure merchandise like crimson yeast rice, phytosterols, policosanols, omega3, probiotics, guggullipids, and so on. have been proven to decrease unhealthy levels of cholesterol and lift good levels of cholesterol.
Eating regimen, train and smoking cessation are vital components of sustaining correct ldl cholesterol and blood stress ranges. Nevertheless, even you probably have an ideal food regimen, train three or 4 occasions every week and dont smoke, hereditary components could trigger you to have elevated ldl cholesterol and blood stress ranges. A current research within the Journal of the American Medical Affiliation concluded, non-smokers, 30% above their preferrred weight, with regular blood stress and levels of cholesterol haven’t any elevated danger from coronary heart illness and stroke. These outcomes are very promising.
The scientific literature is filled with research documenting the risks of Lipitor®, Zocor®, Prevacor®, Crestor® or the sick fated Dacol® (the statin household of ldl cholesterol decreasing prescribed drugs). Homefirst® Ldl cholesterol Well being is a mix of 4 pure substances which have scientific documentation which reveals that they’ve been identified to decrease LDL ldl cholesterol (unhealthy ldl cholesterol), decrease triglycerides and lift HDL ldl cholesterol (good ldl cholesterol) in a secure and efficient method.
To obtain Dr. Eisenstein’s complementary e mail publication please go to http://homefirst.com/
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Once you take a look at a discipline of tobacco vegetation, your first thought in all probability is not about its medicinal makes use of. However in a number of years, this crop might assist produce life-saving vaccines and therapies for illnesses corresponding to most cancers, diabetes, Cystic Fibrosis, and arthritis – simply to call a number of. Biotechnology researchers are presently exploring the manufacturing of plant made prescription drugs – which principally means utilizing vegetation to provide protein-based prescription drugs. Dr. Targan explains how the method works, and the way any such analysis might make pharmaceutical manufacturing extra reasonably priced sooner or later.
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Vídeo institucional sobre a NVE Prescribed drugs, fabricante do Stacker 2.
Launch:
A NVE Prescribed drugs Stacker 2 ® começou há aproximadamente 15 anos para atender aos atletas profissionais como opção eficaz no uso de suplementos alimentares para a prática de “Stacking “. “Stacking” foi um termo criado após o uso frequente da Efedrina HCL, por atletas profissionais que desejavam energia further para os treinos, bem como adquirir uma estética corporal perfeita para as competições.
Através de extensas pesquisas e catalogar numerosos estudos, a NVE conseguiu padronizar ingredientes e matérias primas adequadas aos resultados desejados por atletas de 1º. nível mundial. Estes resultados incluem a energia further, o aumento da queima de gordura e diminuição do apetite entre as refeições. Através dos anos, os atletas que se utilizavam dos produtos com eficiência começaram a recomendá-los à seus amigos e familiares com o objetivo de controle de peso. O desejo por esses produtos naturais para a perda de peso se tornou uma mania nacional nos Estados Unidos, e o Stacker2 ® “The Worlds Strongest Fats Burner” foi desenvolvido especialmente para atender esse público. Líder no mercado em lojas do ramo, rápidamente o Stacker 2 ® “The Worlds Strongest Fats Burner” expandiu-se por todo o país.
Hoje a NVE Prescribed drugs é uma empresa líder na fabricação de suplementos alimentares à base de plantas que têm ajudado os atletas a atingir resultados extremos. A especialidade da NVE Prescribed drugs, emagrecimento e ganho de energia, continua a expandir na vanguarda do conhecimento, com desenvolvimento e fabricação de Non-public Label ( Marcas Próprias ), com tecnologia de ponta para fabricação de produtos em pó, tabletes, cápsulas e bebidas.
Nacionalmente conhecidas as marcas Stacker 2 ® e Stacker three ® comandam uma presença muito forte e confiável no mercado, e formam um time com histórias de sucesso que você vai ter a oportunidade de conhecer pessoalmente.
Conheça mais nos websites:
http://www.nveusa.com/ e http://www.stacker2.com/
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http://www.nationalwatercouncil.org 41 million persons are ingesting water tainted with pharamceutical drungs and associated bi-products.
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