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UNIZIK pharmacy faculty inducts 87 graduands

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ZIK– As Ukamaka Maduagwu emerges best graduating student

  No fewer than 87 pharmacy graduates of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (UNIZIK), Awka, Agulu Campus, Anambra State, were recently inducted into the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) at a ceremony held at the school’s lecture theatre recently.

The glamorous 5th Induction Ceremony had several students, parents, pharmacists, pharmacy professors and members of the PCN in attendance.

Personages at the ceremony included Pharm Mohammed Elijah, PCN registrar; Prof. Joseph E. Ahaneku, vice chancellor, Nnamdi Azikiwe University; Prof. Charles Esimone, deputy vice chancellor, academics; Dr I.H Ishidanu, acting registrar; Dr Ikemefuna Uzochukwu, dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; and Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa, former CEO, Neimeth Pharmaceuticals International Plc.

In his address, the vice chancellor of the university, Prof. Joseph Ahaneku, charged the graduands to be driven by the sound training in character and learning they had received from the institution.

He noted that the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences was already contributing to the realisation of the goal of raising the national and international visibility of the university, citing the successful hosting of the 2015 Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Orientation Programme under the auspices of the PCN as a reference case.

While congratulating the graduands on the successful completion of their programmes in the university, Prof. Ahaneku described their induction into the professional body as a milestone in their lives, urging them to uphold the university’s core values of discipline, self-reliance and excellence.

Presenting the 87 graduands for the oath-taking/induction ceremony, acting dean of the faculty, Dr Ikemefuna Uzochukwu, urged them to continue to uplift the banner of the university wherever they found themselves.

He also implored them not to delay in identifying with a preferred area of specialisation within the profession, noting that the faculty had come a long way since inception in 2006/2007 to produce no fewer than 253 pharmacists so far.

Dr Uzochukwu further reminded the graduands to make good use of all the six core competencies and skills they had been equipped with, which include pharmaceutical care, drug discovery & development, pharmaceutical formulation, pharmaceutical quality assurance, public health and management.

While administering the oath, registrar of the PCN, Pharm. Elijah Mohammed, urged the newly inducted pharmacists to abide by the ethics of the profession. He also advised them to develop leadership and interpersonal relationship skills, which he said were vital in pharmacy practice.

He also charged them to discharge their duties professionally, as well as provide innovative services that would distinguish them, adding that his administration would reposition the pharmacy registry for effective service delivery and institutionalisation of good pharmacy practice in Nigeria.

In his keynote address at the event, Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa explained that pharmacy profession was gradually drifting from product delivery to services delivery, noting that to stand tall in the profession, professionalism mattered, as well as being able to adapt quickly to new trends in this technological driven society.

The revered pharmacist, who spoke on “Pharmacy Practice: Current Trends, Future Prospects”, listed key factors needed to succeed in the pharmaceutical profession to include: vision, passion, planning, hardwork, fear of God and adherence to professional ethics.

The high point of the event was the award of the much coveted prize for the best graduating student, which was won by Ukamaka Maduagwu.

Maduagwu in her speech attributed her success to hard-work and grace of God, urging other students to be industrious and prayerful.

Why pharmacists should embrace politics – Olarogun

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In this interview with Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis, Pharm. (Asiwaju) Joe Taiwo Oyewole Olarogun, former PSN national secretary (1974 – 1977), expresses displeasure at the get-rich-quick syndrome prevalent in today’s pharmacy practice and the reason he delved into politics. Excerpts:

Tell us a little about your work experience

I worked as a lecturer at the Pharmacy School in Zaria and later as a pharmacist with Glaxo Nigeria Limited (Apapa), J. L. Morrison, Son and Jones as Lagos Sales Manager, before subsequently opting out to set up my own practice.

While in Lagos, I was the state secretary of the PSN, before becoming the national secretary. By 1980, I became the secretary general of the West African Pharmaceutical Federation for three years. After my tenure, I returned home to Kwara where I was appointed chairman of the Kwara Chapter of PSN (1982 – 1988). Since that time, I have remained a frontline member of the chapter till date.

Is that all?

No, I was into politics for a while and occupied positions like chairman or vice chairman of some government parastatals such as Health Management Board, Kwara Hotels and Kwara State Sports Council. I was also made chairman of a company called Industrial Trust Fund Limited. This is a finance company, jointly owned by Kwara and Kogi governments. At that time, it was based Ilorin, Kwara State capital.

With all you’ve enumerated, can you confidently say studying Pharmacy was a good decision for you?

Oh yes! Studying Pharmacy as a profession is a delight without any regrets whatsoever. One cannot exhaust all the opportunities available in the profession.

What was the profession like in your day?

In my day, the opportunities available in Pharmacy were in legion. I was eminently qualified to do further studies in Pharmacy but the attractive and mouth-watering opportunities available in the general practice, lured me into it. The opportunities are still very much available today but the competition is keen.

How will you assess pharmacy practice today compared to your time?

“Long-throat” tendencies and “get-rich-quick” syndromes have caused a lot of the scandals, intrigues and controversies prevalent in today’s practice. Most of the pharmacy graduates we have today are quite young and ambitious. In yesteryears, pharmacy practitioners in whichever sphere of practice they found themselves were quite mature and contented with their lots. I have also observed that there are more attractive opportunities that come with better pay today.

What are the challenges facing pharmacy practice?

In general practice, one hears of pharmacists practising dual registration. One hears of register-and-go pharmacists, that is, those who will register a premises but will never show up except to collect their pay. One also hears of pharmacists going beyond their areas of practice and so on. Times have indeed changed!

Why do you always encourage pharmacists to venture into politics?

Certainly, pharmacists are disciplined and knowledgeable enough to go into politics. By going into politics, pharmacists will help to place Pharmacy at a high pedestal. Take the issue of NAFDAC for instance. Our presence in government will ensure that the office of the NAFDAC director is reserved for pharmacists only. There are other numerous advantages. For instance, our view on health improvement for the nation will be better respected.

How best do you think the issue of drug counterfeiting can be curbed?

The country is big and the borders are porous and many. First, we have to ensure that pharmacists are posted adequately to all our borders. These must be pharmacists who cannot be bought or sold. Also, pharmacists of similar attributes should be employed to the Inspectorate Division of the Ministry of Health. Also, recognised analytical laboratories must be put in place to confirm the standard of all drugs coming into the country.

If you were not to be a pharmacist, what other profession would you have opted for?

Aside pharmacy, I cannot think of any other; maybe medicine though.

As an elder in the pharmacy profession, what is your advice to young pharmacists?

Young pharmacists should shun all acts that can tarnish the image of Pharmacy. They should not allow corruption and greed to get the better of them.

 

PSN presidency no longer part time job – Lagos PSN chairman

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PSNOur reporter, Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis, recently caught up with Pharm. Gbenga Olubowale, Chairman of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN), Lagos Chapter during the World Pharmacists Day celebration at Police College, Ikeja, Lagos. In this interview, the former national secretary of PSN explains why pharmacists need to be more proactive and what qualities he expects of the incoming PSN president. Excerpts:

What is your view about the World Pharmacists Day celebration?

The World Pharmacists Day is a unique opportunity we all need to embrace to talk about the usefulness of the pharmacist. The day has its genesis in 2009 during the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), which took place in Istanbul, Turkey. It was a period when pharmacists around the world came together and fixed September 25 for global recognition. For instance, this year’s theme was “Pharmacists: Your partners in health” and it further emphasises the key roles that pharmacists play in the society. We work closely with patients and never in competition with anybody. We are the experts in drugs. We just want to do that which we have been trained to do. As I mentioned earlier, it is an opportunity for every pharmacist to step up his game

 

What is your assessment of the growth of pharmacy practice in Nigeria?

Pharmacy in Nigeria is just like the nation itself. It is still evolving, full of many potential but great and grossly under-utilised. The number of products being manufactured locally in our manufacturing company is very few compared to our real capacity. Also there is minimal awareness on the street about whom a pharmacist is; people don’t seem to really know much know about us. Sometimes, they mistake us for other caregivers.

Let us also look at the regulation of pharmaceutical practice in this country. We are not yet there. Sometimes you see a lot of charlatans coming into the pharmaceutical industry. They only look at the business aspect of it. They see drugs as trade items. We know that drugs, even though they are useful and potent medications when used rightly, can at the same time be a great disservice to the patient, if used wrongly. They can be quite injurious!

It is always important for us as pharmacists to let people know more about what we do. We need to step up our activities and be more visible. A lot of us are too shy when it comes to public relations. It shouldn’t be so. We are leaders in our various localities. I agree that we are not yet there but we can do better.

 

The 2015 PSN conference will witness the emergence of a new president. What are those qualities you expect the incoming helmsman to have?

First, we need to know where we are coming from to understand where we are going. The current president, Olumide Akintayo, has done so well by raising the stake. Whoever is coming in as PSN president must also be ready to give it all.

Being a PSN president is no longer a part time job. It is full time because there are so many things to be done. As a one-time national secretary of the PSN, I know what I am talking about. The task at hand is so big – you have to be visible, you have to give that leadership direction. So we are looking at somebody who can provide purposeful leadership, who can sustain the good work of the current president and who can take us to the next level.

 

What do you look forward to seeing at the PSN conference?

Since this year is an election year, I think it is critical for us to be able to choose the right candidates to fill the various posts that would soon be vacant. For me, it is also a good way to meet and fashion out the way forward for ourselves; more so now that we are talking about CHANGE!

This is when we should also be talking about change in the pharmaceutical industry. To take it to the next level, let us do things right.

 

The effect of an exclusion clause with breach of contract

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In the last edition, Pharmacist Adebayo lost his contract to provide drugs and supplies to the Benue State University for their Sports Festival. The products he ordered from Freddy Pharmaceuticals arrived late, and he received no compensation, because he had signed a receipt issued to him, which contained an exclusion clause.

Subsequently, the Benue State University Hospital decides to do business with Freddy Pharmaceuticals and contacts the distributor for their requirements. Three cartons of Emzoron® (a blood tonic) are ordered and paid for. A driver is sent by the hospital to collect the products and he is made to sign the receipt, which has certain terms written on it.

On arrival at the hospital, it is discovered that the drugs delivered are not the blood tonic required but rather Emzolyn®, a cough syrup produced by the same company. The hospital pharmacist immediately calls Freddy Pharmaceuticals and demands a refund of payments made.

The distributor, however, contends with him, claiming protection under an exclusion clause contained in the receipt.   According to Mr Freddy, the document expressly stated that “goods sold in good condition are not returnable and the supplier will not be liable for refunds.” In his contention, this document was signed by the driver, on collection of the goods, and so the hospital is bound by the terms. In this transaction, what is the legal position of the parties?

It has been established that parties to a contract are free to limit or exclude obligations arising from their transaction. These exclusion clauses or limiting terms are often written in a receipt, ticket, form or notice, which the buyer may or may not have read. There are various rules regarding issues of the transaction and they usually favour the seller, when the exclusion clause is written in a document, which is signed by the buyer.

The situation above involves the following legal issues:

  1. The validity of an exclusion clause in the case of a breach of contract.
  2. The effect of an exclusion clause when there is a fundamental breach.

From the case of Parker v. South Eastern Railway Company, it is understood that if the person receiving a document knew that there was a writing on it, and realised that the writing contained conditions, then he is bound by those conditions.

In this situation, the goods were received by the driver on behalf of the hospital. Apparently, the distributor, Freddy Pharmaceuticals, ensured that the receipt was signed by the driver, to avert any liability arising from the transaction. Interestingly, the previous delivery involving Pharmacist Adebayo arrived too late for the purpose of the products, but the distributor was covered by the excluding terms because Adebayo had signed the receipt (containing the terms) even though he had not realised that there was anything written on it.

It thereby follows that, even in the case of a breach, a party to a contract may protect himself, with the insertion of an exclusion clause, to limit any liability.   However, the weight of the term that is breached must be considered. There is a difference between a condition, in a contract, and a fundamental term. In the words of Justice Delvin, “a fundamental term is something which underlies the whole contract so that, if not complied with, the performance becomes totally different from that which the contract contemplates.”

In view of this, where there is a breach by one party to the degree that what is delivered is essentially different from the requirement of the transaction, the party in breach cannot claim to have performed the contract. As Lord Abinger stated in the case of Chanter v. Hopkins: “If a man offers to buy peas of another, and he sends him beans, he does not perform his contract; the contract is to sell peas and if he sends him anything else in their stead, it is a non-performance of it.”

In this case, even though a document with an exclusion clause was signed, it is unarguable that the product delivered was not Emzoron®, the blood tonic required by the hospital, but Emzolyn®, a cough syrup.

The case of Adel Boshalli v. Allied Commercial Exporters Ltd., a contract for the supply of cloth from London to Lagos, throws more light on this. In that transaction, the shipping sample was found very much inferior, in quality, to the sample which formed the basis of the agreement. In their defence, the suppliers tried to rely on an exemption clause in the following terms: “For goods not of United Kingdom origin, we cannot undertake any guarantee or admit any claims beyond such as are admitted by and recovered by the Manufacturers.”

Reversing the decision of the Nigerian Federal Supreme Court, the Privy Council held that the clause did not avail the respondents any protection: “An exemption clause can only avail a party if he is carrying out the contract in its essential respects. A breach which goes to the root of contract disentitles a party from relying on an exemption clause”.

From the foregoing, it is generally held that, though parties have the use of excluding terms in defining their transactions, a party guilty of a fundamental breach of contract cannot avoid liability by relying on such terms. The consequences of such a breach result in the right of the injured party to repudiate the contract and claim damages.

Considering that the products supplied were clearly different from those that were ordered, Benue State University Hospital is entitled to cancel the contract and receive a refund. Freddy Pharmaceuticals cannot be protected by exclusion clauses. In the words of Lord Denning, the distributor “is not allowed to use them as a cover for misconduct or indifference or to enable him to turn a blind eye to his obligations.”

 

Principles and cases are from Sagay: Nigerian Law of Contract

What your writing says about you

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If you must be upstanding regarding issues of life, you need understanding. Many disputes that have led to wars and woes could have been avoided, if either party involved had gone the extra mile of choosing to understand the other at a deeper level and read between the lines to know exactly what was being communicated.

The fact remains as I have always emphasised on this column that only seven per cent of all kinds of communication is verbal. The remaining 93 per cent is non-verbal (body language). This means that if all you rely on is verbal communication alone, then you definitely are missing a whole lot.

The last I checked, there is no injection or vaccination against deception. The only mitigation we have is mastery of non-verbal communication skills. If you must bounce back from any setback in order to take back what you lost way back, you cannot but acquaint yourself with skills in body language.

For a couple of months now we have been discussing one important arm of body language, that is, graphology (handwriting analysis) and its importance in our day-to-day activities. We did mention some parameters we can look out for in handwriting samples and what they mean.

In this edition, we shall go a step further talking about the basics in trait stroke graphology as promised in the last edition. This is to help you assess yourself to find out areas of strength in your personality that can be improved upon as well as those trouble spots that need to be addressed. This skill is also very useful for managers and top executives who need some kind of insight into the personality of their subordinates in order to foster team-bonding.

The environment plays a key role in shaping our behaviour and what represents that environment from the point of view of a handwriting analyst is the paper on which a writer writes. The movement of the pen on a piece of paper is a graphical illustration or description of the personality of the writer. Since two people don’t have exactly the same handwriting, this underscores the importance of handwriting analysis as a good instrument for personality profiling.

Inasmuch as isolated description of traits observed in a handwriting sample is not encouraged, particularly by Gestalt graphology, There are however some traits whose meaning is unambiguous immediately they are found in a handwriting sample, and also with some degree of frequency. Here are some below worthy of note.

  1. Anger/Temper

In Graphology, the letters of the alphabet are divided into zones: Upper zone letters, middle zone letters and the lower zone letters. Two examples of the lower zone letters are the letters ‘y’ and ‘g’. From years of research, it has been found out with a considerable validity ratio of >90% that anytime you see in a handwriting sample these angularity in lower zone letters typified in the sharp corners of letters ‘y’ and ‘g’ (examples below), it shows someone who has a very low threshold to anger. Such people may get angry at the slightest provocation and for you as a manager, having this knowledge helps you make an informed decision regarding where to deploy this staff of yours or how to manage his expectations. It is possible for him to express his views perhaps by raising his voice; it does not necessarily mean that he is insolent. A good manager needs to factor all these properly before judging the event. This also applies to you, so that you can better adjust and control how you speak or relate with those who report to you directly.

  1. Tenacity

The letter ‘t’ is also a very important alphabet in trait stroke graphology. Apart from the fact that it passes through the three zones (upper, middle and lower), it reveals the level of enthusiasm an individual has and how high or low his goals are set. Since the muscles of the hand plays a role in handwriting, the cross bar drawn horizontally across the vertical stroke of the letter ‘t’ reveals something about the tenacity of the person. If the horizontal stroke is thick and does not thin out at the end of the stroke, it is a strong indication of an individual who is tenacious and does not give up easily on projects. Such people are very strong-willed and get irritated sometimes by people who are lazy.

In the next edition we will look at some other letters of the alphabet and their graphological interpretation(s). Till then, don’t forget that every stroke of the pen says something about a friend.

NAPharm tasks next health minister on stable sector

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President of the Nigeria Academy of Pharmacy, (NAPharm), Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi, has said that for the present government to boast a vibrant and thriving health care sector, it is imperative for the in-coming health minister to imbibe the culture of teamwork as well as transmit such to all members of the health care team.

L-R: Pharm. Paul Enebeli, chairman, Committee of Investiture of New Fellows; Pharm (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi, vice president, NAPharm; and Assistant General Secretary, NAPharm, Sir Anthony Akhimien, during the press briefing.
L-R: Pharm. Paul Enebeli, chairman, Committee of Investiture of New Fellows; Pharm (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi, vice president, NAPharm; and Assistant General Secretary, NAPharm, Sir Anthony Akhimien, during the press briefing.

 

This was made known during the press conference organised to announce the forthcoming investiture of new Fellows of the Academy, also charged the in-coming health minister on the need to increase the national health budget to the required WHO standard which is 15 per cent of the national budget.

Adelusi-Adeluyi who was ably represented by the Vice President of NAPharm, Pharm (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi, lamented the recurrent inadequate budgetary allocation to the health sector, noting that Nigeria had never given up to 10 per cent allocation to health, much less 15 per cent. This constitutes a major setback in the subdivision, he said.

He therefore urged the would-be health minister to focus on the two key areas of harmony and funding, for the nation’s health care delivery system to compete favourably with those of developed climes.

The Assistant General Secretary of NAPharm, Sir Anthony Akhimien, explained the criteria for the selection of the 22 new Fellows of the Academy out of about 20,000 pharmacists in the country. He noted that the selected pharmacists had distinguished themselves in their different areas of practice.

“Many of them are lecturers who have imparted thousands of students in pharmacy schools, as well as those in the community, industry, and drug importation, who have contributed immensely to the growth of the profession,” he said.

He however admitted that the present number of pharmacists available in the country was inadequate to meet the need of the over 170 million Nigerians, urging all universities in the country to establish schools of pharmacy, while the existing schools should expand their capacity in order to train sufficient pharmacists to meet the health care needs of the citizens.

On the essence of the investiture of new Fellows of the Academy to Nigerians, Pharm. Isreal Ade Popoola, chairman, Board of Fellows (BoF) PSN and Fellow of NAPharm, stated that NAPharm Fellows had been playing great roles in conflict and crisis resolution in the health sector, citing the instance of when the president of NAPharm led a delegation to meet with the committee set up by former President Goodluck Jonathan to resolve cases of unhealthy rivalry and acrimony in the health sector.

He said the committee which was headed by Yayale Ahmed received the delegation while they offered the chairman their ideas on how to move the sector forward.

He, however, expressed fears over the continuation of the committee in the new administration, adding that there should be room for continuity

Other Fellows present at the briefing were, Pharm. Paul Enebeli, chairman, Committee of Investiture of New Fellows; Pharm (Sir) Ike Onyechi, treasurer of NAPharm, and Nigerian chairman, West Africa Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (WAPCP); Pharm. Lere Baale, director, Business School Netherlands; and Pharm. Remi Adeseun, NAPharm Fellow and CEO Rodot Group.

 

Nigerian scientists bemoan work environment, inadequate tools

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Leaders in the health care sector have admitted that health researchers in the country are not performing up to expectations, resulting in many Nigerians becoming casualties rather than survivors of health challenges.

The experts, who blamed their failings on lack of necessary facilities and conducive working environment, said they were often incapacitated despite their willingness to provide quality care.

Speaking at the official commissioning of the Biomedical Training and Cancer Research Centre by the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) in conjunction with Sysmex Partec, the Pioneer Chairperson of National Action Committee on AIDS (NACA), Professor Ibironke Akinsete lamented how cancer care facilities continued to depreciate in the country, despite the fact that about 250,000 Nigerians are diagnosed with the disease every year.

Official presentation of the MoU between NIMR and Sysmex Partec, by Prof. Ujah and Mr Eric Osei
Official presentation of the MoU between NIMR and Sysmex Partec, by Prof. Ujah and Mr Eric Osei

Akinsete who was the chairperson of the occasion noted the current deplorable conditions of various clinical centres in the country, adding that such centres with limited infrastructure in terms of laboratories, bio-repositories and database, coupled with inadequate finance and personnel have hampered African and Nigerian scientists from conducting rigorous evidence-based research.                  She therefore urged all stakeholders in the sector to squarely tackle the besetting challenges.

“I sincerely think this is the time for us as players to do a holistic appraisal of ourselves in the health sector, find out what exactly has gone wrong with us, where we have really missed it and then honestly find lasting solutions to how we really should move the health sector from where we are comatose to where we truly should be”, she said.

Prof. Oni Idigbe, Prof Ibironke Akinsete & Prof Innocent Ujah
L-R: Prof. Oni Idigbe, chairman, local organising committee; Prof. Ibironke Akinsete , pioneer chairperson, NACA ; and Prof. Innocent Ujah , DG, NIMR, at the commissioning of the new Biomedical Training and Cancer Research Centre, in Lagos recently.Leaders in the health care sector have admitted that health researchers in the country are not performing up to expectations, resulting in many Nigerians becoming casualties rather than survivors of health challenges.

 

Director General of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Professor Innocent Ujah, also corroborated the view of Akinsete, noting that the bane of scientific research in the country was lack of professional tools.

“What I can say is that we are not doing enough. We are not doing enough not because we don’t have the knowledge, but because we don’t have the facilities, the tools are not there”, he stated.

He challenged stakeholders in the health sector, governments and private institutions to respond to the huge infrastructural needs in research institutions and invest in this segment of the sector.

The NIMR boss, who expressed his delight over the official launching of the new cancer researcher centre, said the inclusion of the centre to the existing ones would facilitate easy access to cancer care as the centre would focus more on cancer of the breast in women, and prostate cancer for men.

The professor, who called for the creation of more public-private partnership in the health sector, noted that there was still need for the establishment of study institutes for the examination of the liver, kidney, and other vital organs of the body.

 

Stakeholders urge implementation of Equipment Leasing Act

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…As Medic West Africa holds exhibition and congress

In a bid to meet the ever increasing financial requirements of the health care industry in the face of the recent harsh economic conditions, health practitioners have unanimously called for the full implementation of the Equipment Leasing Act, as a way forward.

The practitioners, under the aegis of the Healthcare Federation of Nigeria (HFN), in collaboration with the organisers of Medic West Africa Exhibition and Congress, converged at the Eko Hotel and Suites to chart the course of their profession and proffer solutions to present challenges.

Speaking during a panel discussion at the conference, which had the theme, “Equipment leasing as an innovative healthcare financial channel”, President of the Health care Providers Association of Nigeria (HCPAN), Dr Umar O. Sandra, queried the resistance among practitioners to equipment leasing, adding that it was an innovative way of accessing funds.

Dr Sandra further noted that equipment leasing was good for health care providers if they could negotiate directly with the manufacturers, noting that lease interest is fixed.

Another member of the panel, Voke Oshevire, executive director of JNC Intl, said it was high time leasing took effect in the health care system, stressing that financial houses should be given incentives to go into leasing in order to boost the production output of those in the industry.

Mrs Oghogho Olakunrin in her own contribution noted that the full implementation of equipment leasing could not be successful in the hands of government officials alone, as there was a serious need for the private sector to partner with the public sector in order to enjoy the massive benefits of leasing.

Delivering the paper titled, “The Equipment Leasing Act: opportunities and challenges in Nigeria”, Andrew Efurhievwe, described equipment leasing as a creative financing alternative, which is an imposing industry in terms of scope, size and potential.

Retracing the history of leasing in the country, he said it started in the1960s and had continued to play a significant role in equipping Nigeria.

Efurhievwe defined leasing as “a contract between a lessor and lessee, giving the lessee possession and use of a specific asset on payment of rentals over a period. The lessor retains ownership of the asset so that it never becomes the property of the lessee or any other related third party during the tenor of the lease”.

Highlighting the types of leasing to include Finance Lease and Operating Lease, he enumerated reasons for leasing, including: Technological challenge; fixed rate financing; cash management; ownership not available or feasible; flexibility and convenience; non collaterised financing; less restrictive form of financing; and economics of scale in lessor purchasing and servicing.

He further outlined the processes involved in leasing thus: Request for the asset through application; get the price, specifications of the asset and Proforma Invoice from the dealer; state how long you want the lease to last; information about the vendor and the equipment; information about you and your business and purpose of the lease; offer letter and execution of lease agreement; placement of order; payment of supplier; delivery of asset to the lessor; delivery to the lessee; and start making payment as and when due.

However, a Health Ethics and Law consultant, Dr Cheluchi Onyemelukwe, expressed dissatisfaction with some grey arrears of the Leasing Act, saying there was need for proper review of the Act for effective enforcement.

 

How to manage diabetes mellitus

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Commonly referred to as diabetes, diabetes mellitus was first identified as a disease associated with “sweet urine,” and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine; hence the term sweet urine.

According to Dr Anthonia Ogbera, an associate professor of medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos, it may take many years for complications of diabetes to show up. In Nigeria, these complications occur at the time of diagnosis of the disease in 25 per cent of patients.

In a literature review on AlphaBetic, an anti-diabetes drug marketed by PharmacyPlus Limited, a diabetes expert remarked that “Nigeria like most developing countries is experiencing a rapid epidemiological transition with the burden of NCDs (non-communicable diseases) especially diabetes and hypertension which are threatening to overwhelm the health care system that is already overburdened by HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria.”

Similarly, a workshop on “Strategies for Improving Diabetes Care in Nigeria”, recently held in Ibadan, concluded that the rising pervasiveness of diabetes in Nigeria was due to the poor lifestyle of individuals. The medical experts, who counselled that individuals should regularly screen their wellbeing through restorative examination, also expressed shock that the level of attention given to the malady in Nigeria was still low.

Babatope Kolawole, a consultant at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, said that decision of sustenance had been recognised as a typical reason for diabetes. “Consuming nourishments that are unfortunate for human utilisation may irritate the propensity of being diabetic,” he said, adding that “These days in our general public, particularly in the urban groups, most individuals rely on fast food. Most individuals work out their pancreas. They take dairy milk, consume a lot of greasy nourishment, unreasonable oil use, which incline individuals to diabetes and other serious infections.”

 

 

How serious is diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or its action, or both. According to Prof. Alebiosu Olutayo, coordinator of Journalists Action against Diabetes (JAAD), no fewer than three million Nigerians are living with diabetes in the society today.

“Many people are living with the condition unaware of the seriousness of the disease and its consequences as those diagnosed are often poorly managed due to lack of resources or because the health care professionals who care for them have poor knowledge about diabetes and how to provide good care, “ he said.

He warned that with the rate at which diabetes is spreading, it might overtake those suffering tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other terminal diseases by the year 2030 if adequate attention is not given to public enlightenment.

Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating food), insulin is released from the pancreas to normalise the glucose level. In patients with diabetes, the absence or insufficient production of insulin causes hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.

 

What are the effects of diabetes?

Over time, diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels, referred to as microvascular disease. Diabetes is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases. This is referred to as macrovascular disease.

From an economic perspective, medical expenses for people with diabetes are over two times higher than those for people who do not have diabetes.

 

What causes diabetes?

Insufficient production of insulin (either absolutely or relative to the body’s needs), production of defective insulin (which is uncommon), or the inability of cells to use insulin properly and efficiently leads to hyperglycaemia and diabetes.

This latter condition affects mostly the cells of muscle and fat tissues, and results in a condition known as insulin resistance. This is the primary problem in type 2 diabetes. The absolute lack of insulin, usually secondary to a destructive process affecting the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, is the main disorder in type 1 diabetes.

In type 2 diabetes, there also is a steady decline of beta cells that adds to the process of elevated blood sugars. Essentially, if someone is resistant to insulin, the body can, to some degree, increase production of insulin and overcome the level of resistance. After time, if production decreases and insulin cannot be released as vigorously, hyperglycaemia develops.

Glucose is a simple sugar found in food. Glucose is an essential nutrient that provides energy for the proper functioning of the body cells. Carbohydrates are broken down in the small intestine and the glucose in digested food is then absorbed by the intestinal cells into the bloodstream, and is carried by the bloodstream to all the cells in the body where it is utilised.

However, glucose cannot enter the cells alone and needs insulin to aid in its transport into the cells. Without insulin, the cells become starved of glucose energy despite the presence of abundant glucose in the bloodstream. In certain types of diabetes, the cells’ inability to utilise glucose gives rise to the ironic situation of “starvation in the midst of plenty”. The abundant, unutilised glucose is wastefully excreted in the urine.

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by specialised cells (beta cells) of the pancreas. (The pancreas is a deep-seated organ in the abdomen located behind the stomach). In addition to helping glucose enter the cells, insulin is also important in tightly regulating the level of glucose in the blood.

After a meal, the blood glucose level rises. In response to the increased glucose level, the pancreas normally releases more insulin into the bloodstream to help glucose enter the cells and lower blood glucose levels after a meal. When the blood glucose levels are lowered, the insulin release from the pancreas is turned down.

It is important to note that even in the fasting state there is a low steady release of insulin than fluctuates a bit and helps to maintain a steady blood sugar level during fasting. In normal individuals, such a regulatory system helps to keep blood glucose levels in a tightly controlled range. As outlined above, in patients with diabetes, the insulin is either absent, relatively insufficient for the body’s needs, or not used properly by the body. All of these factors cause elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycaemia).

 

What are the different types of diabetes?

There are two major types of diabetes, called type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes was also formerly called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas undergoes an autoimmune attack by the body itself, and is rendered incapable of making insulin. Abnormal antibodies have been found in the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. Antibodies are proteins in the blood that are part of the body’s immune system. The patient with type 1 diabetes must rely on insulin medication for survival.

In autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly manufactures antibodies and inflammatory cells that are directed against and cause damage to patients’ own body tissues. In persons with type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production, are attacked by the misdirected immune system. It is believed that the tendency to develop abnormal antibodies in type 1 diabetes is, in part, genetically inherited, though the details are not fully understood.

Exposure to certain viral infections (mumps and Coxsackie viruses) or other environmental toxins may serve to trigger abnormal antibody responses that cause damage to the pancreas cells where insulin is made. Some of the antibodies seen in type 1 diabetes include anti-islet cell antibodies, anti-insulin antibodies and anti-glutamic decarboxylase antibodies. These antibodies can be detected in the majority of patients, and may help determine which individuals are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes tends to occur in young, lean individuals, usually before 30 years of age, however, older patients do present with this form of diabetes on occasion. This subgroup is referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). LADA is a slow, progressive form of type 1 diabetes. Of all the people with diabetes, only approximately 10 per cent have type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90 per cent have type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes was also previously referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult onset diabetes mellitus (AODM). In type 2 diabetes, patients can still produce insulin, but do so relatively inadequately for their body’s needs, particularly in the face of insulin resistance as discussed above. In many cases, this actually means the pancreas produces larger than normal quantities of insulin. A major feature of type 2 diabetes is a lack of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body (particularly fat and muscle cells).

In addition to the problems with an increase in insulin resistance, the release of insulin by the pancreas may also be defective and suboptimal. In fact, there is a known steady decline in beta cell production of insulin in type 2 diabetes that contributes to worsening glucose control. (This is a major factor for many patients with type 2 diabetes who ultimately require insulin therapy.) Finally, the liver in these patients continues to produce glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis despite elevated glucose levels. The control of gluconeogenesis becomes compromised.

 

Other forms of diabetes

“Secondary” diabetes refers to elevated blood sugar levels from another medical condition. Secondary diabetes may develop when the pancreatic tissue responsible for the production of insulin is destroyed by disease, such as chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas by toxins like excessive alcohol), trauma, or surgical removal of the pancreas.

Diabetes can also result from other hormonal disturbances, such as excessive growth hormone production (acromegaly) and Cushing’s syndrome. In acromegaly, a pituitary gland tumour at the base of the brain causes excessive production of growth hormone, leading to hyperglycaemia. In Cushing’s syndrome, the adrenal glands produce an excess of cortisol, which promotes blood sugar elevation.

In addition, certain medications may worsen diabetes control, or “unmask” latent diabetes. This is seen most commonly when steroid medications (such as prednisone) are taken and also with medications used in the treatment of HIV infection (AIDS).

 

What are diabetes symptoms?

The early symptoms of untreated diabetes are related to elevated blood sugar levels, and loss of glucose in the urine. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output and lead to dehydration. Dehydration causes increased thirst and water consumption.

The inability of insulin to perform normally has effects on protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin is an anabolic hormone, that is, one that encourages storage of fat and protein.

A relative or absolute insulin deficiency eventually leads to weight loss despite an increase in appetite. Some untreated diabetes patients also complain of fatigue, nausea and vomiting.   Patients with diabetes are prone to developing infections of the bladder, skin, and vaginal areas. Fluctuations in blood glucose levels can lead to blurred vision. Extremely elevated glucose levels can lead to lethargy and coma.

 

How is diabetes diagnosed?

The fasting blood glucose (sugar) test is the preferred way to diagnose diabetes. It is easy to perform and convenient. After the person has fasted overnight (at least 8 hours), a single sample of blood is drawn and sent to the laboratory for analysis. This can also be done accurately in a doctor’s office using a glucose meter.

Normal fasting plasma glucose levels are less than 100 milligrams per decilitre (mg/dl). Fasting plasma glucose levels of more than 126 mg/dl on two or more tests on different days indicate diabetes.

A random blood glucose test can also be used to diagnose diabetes. A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl or higher indicates diabetes. When fasting blood glucose stays above 100mg/dl, but in the range of 100-126mg/dl, this is known as impaired fasting glucose (IFG). While patients with IFG do not have the diagnosis of diabetes, this condition carries with it its own risks and concerns, and is addressed elsewhere.

 

What are the chronic complications of diabetes?

Diabetes complications are related to blood vessel diseases and are generally classified into small vessel disease, such as those involving the eyes, kidneys and nerves (microvascular disease), and large vessel disease, involving the heart and blood vessels (macrovascular disease).

Diabetes accelerates hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) of the larger blood vessels, leading to coronary heart disease (angina or heart attack), strokes, and pain in the lower extremities because of lack of blood supply (claudication).

 

Eye complications

The major eye complication of diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy occurs in patients who have had diabetes for at least five years. Diseased small blood vessels in the back of the eye cause the leakage of protein and blood in the retina. Disease in these blood vessels also causes the formation of small aneurysms (microaneurysms), and new but brittle blood vessels (neovascularisation). Spontaneous bleeding from the new and brittle blood vessels can lead to retinal scarring and retinal detachment, thus impairing vision.

To treat diabetic retinopathy a laser is used to destroy and prevent the recurrence of the development of these small aneurysms and brittle blood vessels. Approximately 50 per cent of patients with diabetes will develop some degree of diabetic retinopathy after 10 years of diabetes, and 80 per cent of diabetics have retinopathy after 15 years of the disease. Poor control of blood sugar and blood pressure further aggravates eye disease in diabetes.

Cataracts and glaucoma are also more common among diabetics. It is also important to note that since the lens of the eye lets water through, if blood sugar concentrations vary a lot, the lens of the eye will shrink and swell with fluid accordingly. As a result, blurry vision is very common in poorly controlled diabetes. Patients are usually discouraged from getting a new eyeglass prescription until their blood sugar is controlled. This allows for a more accurate assessment of what kind of glasses prescription is required.

 

Kidney damage

Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. The onset of kidney disease and its progression is extremely variable. Initially, diseased small blood vessels in the kidneys cause the leakage of protein in the urine. Later on, the kidneys lose their ability to cleanse and filter blood. The accumulation of toxic waste products in the blood leads to the need for dialysis. Dialysis involves using a machine that serves the function of the kidney by filtering and cleaning the blood. In patients who do not want to undergo chronic dialysis, kidney transplantation can be considered.

The progression of nephropathy in patients can be significantly slowed by controlling high blood pressure, and by aggressively treating high blood sugar levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in treating high blood pressure may also benefit kidney disease in diabetic patients.

 

Nerve damage

Nerve damage from diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy and is also caused by disease of small blood vessels. In essence, the blood flow to the nerves is limited, leaving the nerves without blood flow, and they get damaged or die as a result (a term known as ischemia).

Symptoms of diabetic nerve damage include numbness, burning, and aching of the feet and lower extremities. When the nerve disease causes a complete loss of sensation in the feet, patients may not be aware of injuries to the feet, and fail to properly protect them. Shoes or other protection should be worn as much as possible. Seemingly minor skin injuries should be attended to promptly to avoid serious infections. Because of poor blood circulation, diabetic foot injuries may not heal. Sometimes, minor foot injuries can lead to serious infection, ulcers, and even gangrene, necessitating surgical amputation of toes, feet, and other infected parts.

Diabetic nerve damage can affect the nerves that are important for penile erection, causing erectile dysfunction (ED, impotence). Erectile dysfunction can also be caused by poor blood flow to the penis from diabetic blood vessel disease.

Diabetic neuropathy can also affect nerves to the stomach and intestines, causing nausea, weight loss, diarrhoea, and other symptoms of gastroparesis (delayed emptying of food contents from the stomach into the intestines, due to ineffective contraction of the stomach muscles).

The pain of diabetic nerve damage may respond to traditional treatments with certain medications such as gabapentin (Neurontin), henytoin (Dilantin), and arbamazepine (Tegretol) that are traditionally used in the treatment of seizure disorders. mitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) and desipramine (Norpraminine) are medications that are traditionally used for depression. While many of these medications are not indicated specifically for the treatment of diabetes related nerve pain, they are used by physicians commonly.

The pain of diabetic nerve damage may also improve with better blood sugar control, though unfortunately blood glucose control and the course of neuropathy do not always go hand in hand. Newer medications for nerve pain include Pregabalin (Lyrica) and duloxetine (Cymbalta).

 

What can be done to slow diabetes complications?

Findings from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) have clearly shown that aggressive and intensive control of elevated levels of blood sugar in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes decreases the complications of nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and may reduce the occurrence and severity of large blood vessel diseases. Aggressive control with intensive therapy means achieving fasting glucose levels between 70-120 mg/dl; glucose levels of less than 160 mg/dl after meals; and a near normal haemoglobin A1c levels.

Studies in type 1 patients have shown that in intensively treated patients, diabetic eye disease decreased by 76 per cent, kidney disease decreased by 54 per cent, and nerve disease decreased by 60 per cent. More recently the EDIC trial has shown that type 1 diabetes is also associated with increased heart disease, similar to type 2 diabetes.

However, the price for aggressive blood sugar control is a two to three fold increase in the incidence of abnormally low blood sugar levels (caused by the diabetes medications). For this reason, tight control of diabetes to achieve glucose levels between 70 to 120 mg/dl is not recommended for children under 13 years of age, patients with severe recurrent hypoglycaemia, patients unaware of their hypoglycaemia, and patients with far advanced diabetes complications.

To achieve optimal glucose control without an undue risk of abnormally lowering blood sugar levels, patients with type 1 diabetes must monitor their blood glucose at least four times a day and administer insulin at least three times per day. In patients with type 2 diabetes, aggressive blood sugar control has similar beneficial effects on the eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels.

 

How is diabetes treated?

The major goal in treating diabetes is to minimise any elevation of blood sugar (glucose) without causing abnormally low levels of blood sugar. Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin, exercise, and a diabetic diet. Type 2 diabetes is treated first with weight reduction, a diabetic diet, and exercise. When these measures fail to control the elevated blood sugars, oral medications are used. If oral medications are still insufficient, treatment with insulin is considered.

Adherence to a diabetic diet is an important aspect of controlling elevated blood sugar in patients with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has provided guidelines for a diabetic diet. The ADA diet is a balanced, nutritious diet that is low in fat, cholesterol, and simple sugars. The total daily calories are evenly divided into three meals. In the past two years, the ADA has lifted the absolute ban on simple sugars. Small amounts of simple sugars are allowed when consumed with a complex meal.

 

Weight reduction and exercise are important treatments for diabetes. Weight reduction and exercise increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin, thus helping to control blood sugar elevations.

 

Medications for type 2 diabetes

First, it must be noted that the following information only applies to patients who are not pregnant or breastfeeding. At present the only recommended way of controlling diabetes in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding is by diet, exercise and insulin therapy. You should speak with your doctor if you are taking these medications and are considering becoming pregnant or if you have become pregnant while taking these medications.

Based on what is known, medications for type 2 diabetes are designed to:

     increase the insulin output by the pancreas,

     decrease the amount of glucose released from the liver,

     increase the sensitivity (response) of cells to insulin,

     decrease the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine, and

     slow emptying of the stomach to delay the presentation of carbohydrates for digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

 

When selecting therapy for type 2 diabetes, consideration should be given to:

     the magnitude of change in blood sugar control that each medication will provide;

     other coexisting medical conditions (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, etc.);

     adverse effects of the therapy;

     contraindications to therapy;

     issues that may affect compliance (timing of medication, frequency of dosing); and

     cost to the patient and the health care system.

 

It is important to remember that if a drug can provide more than one benefit (lower blood sugar and have a beneficial effect on cholesterol, for example), it should be preferred. It’s also important to bear in mind that the cost of drug therapy is relatively small compared to the cost of managing the long-term complications associated with poorly controlled diabetes.

Varying combinations of medications also are used to correct abnormally elevated levels of blood glucose in diabetes. As the list of medications continues to expand, treatment options for type 2 diabetes can be better tailored to meet an individual’s needs. Not every patient with type 2 diabetes will benefit from every drug, and not every drug is suitable for each patient. Patients with type 2 diabetes should work closely with their physicians to achieve an approach that provides the greatest benefits while minimising risks.

Patients with diabetes should never forget the importance of diet and exercise. The control of diabetes starts with a healthy lifestyle regardless of what medications are being used.

 

Report compiled by Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis with additional reports from medicinenet.com/diabetes_treament and American Diabetes Association

Nature’s recipes for good health

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It is a pleasant and healthy experience sitting outside my compound in my village watching trees – mango trees, palm trees, coconut trees, orange trees, sycamore trees and so on. At the back the compound are vegetables, bitter leaf, tomatoes and pepper etc. These are plants God has created to produce fruits, nuts, seeds and vegetables to be consumed for our health (Genesis 1:29).

The fruits ripen naturally and are timely harvested. I sometimes deserve an avocado fall from the tree and pawpaw slowly changing colour as it ripens. These are unlike most fruits which are usually harvested prematurely and forced to ripen unnaturally. Unsurprisingly, such fruits are usually deficient in the nutrients God planned them to have.

Staying in gardens and orchards usually brings one close to nature. However, apart from admiring the natural environment of plants, one also enjoys fresh air and natural light. Fresh air is essential for life. One health problem of urban and industrialised areas is atmospheric pollution. In some areas, there are refuse dumps burning, smouldering and emitting poisonous fumes continuously. People living and working in those areas are usually exposed to diseases affecting the lungs. The air they breathe contains more carbon dioxide and other pollutants and less of oxygen required by the body to maintain health.

Air is like the food we eat. We need to get enough good quality air which contains oxygen, a detoxifier removing poisons from the body. Without oxygen, the blood becomes impure and provides a breeding ground for disease. Lack of oxygen for about five minutes can result in death.

Some people do not realise the health value of sunlight. It has been scientifically proved that sunlight is medicinal. It has healing properties and kills germs. The two main ways to get vitamin D are by exposing your bare skin to sunlight and by taking vitamin D supplements. You can’t get the right amount of vitamin D your body needs from food. Exposing your bare skin to sunlight is the most natural way of obtaining vitamin D.

When you expose yourself to fresh air and sunlight, it has significant effect on your immune system. The value of sunlight for the sick has been demonstrated in hospitals. Recovery percentage has been found to be higher among patients in rooms having abundant fresh air and sunlight.

Researchers from the Baker Heart Institute in Melbourne found that levels of serotonin – a neurotransmitter that regulates appetite, sleep, memory, and mood – are lower during winter than summer. The researchers noted that the only factor that affected participants’ moods was the amount of sunlight they were exposed to on any given day. More sunlight meant better moods; less sunlight led to symptoms of depression.

Sunlight shuts off the body’s production of melatonin, a hormone produced at night that makes you feel drowsy. It has also been proved that it affects the moods and pain medication usage of patients undergoing surgery. It was found that patients who were placed in bright rooms reported less perceived stress and took less medication per hour than patients in dim rooms. This study also suggests that even indirect exposure to sunlight through a window can improve one’s mood.

 

Many of our houses are not adequately ventilated. Even where windows are provided to allow fresh air and sunlight into the rooms, we ignorantly cover the vents with heavy window blinds, which beautify the room but cut off life-giving fresh air and sunlight. People who spend much time in such rooms must go out occasionally to refresh themselves. A room devoid of fresh air and sunlight is an unhealthy environment.

Most offices are also designed to completely cut off fresh air and natural light. People who work in such offices must seek opportunity to expose themselves to life-giving fresh air and sunlight.

Spending most of the day in air-conditioned houses, cars and offices is a symbol of sophistication but does not promote health. This is where poverty may have an advantage. Artificial lights provided as alternatives to natural light have been shown to have health problems.

The bottom-line is that most of the comforts and luxuries that modern lifestyle offers us often come at a cost to our health. Nature remains the only source of health-promoting delights.

 

Leadership and the PSN (2)

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The initial plan for the part two of this article was to do an in-depth analysis of the current administration of the Society from 2012 to date. However, the story of the administration is still unfolding and a good judgement will be to wait until the end before we start to write the history.

I am most hopeful that the elections in November will go on smoothly and a new president will emerge after the national conference. This optimism is not without prejudice to the current pre-election issues which I know that we have the in-house capability to resolve amicably.

I have made my views known, in the strongest terms possible, to all the parties involved and no further useful purpose will be served by an open-air discussion in this column. All will be well with the profession and our beloved PSN.

This part two of the article has now been converted to an open letter to the new president as a continuation of the agenda-setting objective for the new administration.

My dear President,

I wish to congratulate you on the remarkable feat of being elected as the President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN). You are now the number one pharmacist in Nigeria and the torch-bearer of the society. This is a position of authority which carries with it a plethora of responsibilities and accountability. You are already aware of the numerous challenges facing the profession and there is no need to recount them here again. Nigerian pharmacists are now more sensitive to the activities of their leaders and the expectation from you is gargantuan.

These expectations are made more sensitive by the very nature of your emergence as the President. There is so much work to be done and it will be better for you to hit the ground running immediately. I will request that you look into some points enumerated below in addition to the points raised in the part one of this article. The points are by no means exhaustive and I believe you and your team will seek opinions from far and close quarters to govern us well.

  1. Strategic visioning

It is possible that you have a manifesto which has defined the direction which your new administration will take to deliver on the set targets. You need to quickly sell this idea to the society now that you are the president. Fortunately, the outgoing administration has done a lot of work on this and I will urge you to review the document deeply and map out plans for execution.

Having a strategy allows you not only to choose what to do but also to decide on what you will not do. Michael Porter told us that “Strategy is about making choices, trade-offs; it’s about deliberately choosing to be different.” You need to be truly strategic to take Pharmacy in Nigeria to a greater height. The truth is that you have so many strategic-minded people around and your job as the manager is to find them and motivate them to action.

  1. The national conference

The annual national conference is one of the most strategic assets of the Society. It is more than an event and, like the FIP congress, it has a life of its own. The conference is viewed and patronised by many people, organisations and groups for different reasons. To the Society, it is an annual ritual which must be carried out; a melting or connecting point and a unique opportunity to develop and shape policies, and of course, an avenue to generate revenue.

To the manufacturers and importers, it is a market. A once–in-a-year opportunity to promote and sell goods. In Uyo, last year, the scenario outside the hall was comparable in size, outlay and intensity to that of the weekly Aswani Market in Lagos. To the pharmacists themselves, it is an annual pilgrimage which must be observed and also, a veritable opportunity to connect with old friends.

We need to re-package the national conference to make it more enriching, interactive and scientific. We can adapt some of the actions seen at the 2015 FIP congress in Germany which had a full-fledged pharma expo running concurrently. It is possible. Let us be early by choosing the core committee members to develop the repackaged document and get a stakeholders’ buy-in before the end of the first quarter of 2016. The industry, as represented by PIPAN, should be an active participant in the restructuring process. It can be done if we set our focus on it.

FIP Congress

Nigeria recorded the highest number of delegates at the FIP Congress held in Dusseldorf, Germany. Similar feats, I learnt, were recorded in Amsterdam (2012) and Dublin (2013).

The low participation by Nigerians at the 2014 edition in Bangkok caught the attention of the authorities and was partly responsible for the presence of the FIP stand at the PSN national conference in Uyo in November 2014.

Officially, 239 Nigerians registered to participate at the Dusseldorf Congress. The number might be more (up to 300) considering the fact that many Nigerians would do late or on-the-site registrations; as well as the high number of accompanying participants who are not captured in the official register.

Conservatively, Nigerians must have spent more than one million euros on the congress. This is about 254 million naira at the current open market exchange rate. We cannot begin to speculate on the motive of the participants and the level of their participation here. What is important is that we can convert this observation into another strategic asset for the Society. I will propose that you set up a working party to take charge of Nigeria’s participation and turn the quantity into a qualitative advantage.

 

  1. Participative management

As alluded to in the first part of this article, there is a growing disconnect between the governors and the governed. The activities of the Society are getting too centralised, with a disproportionate emphasis on the position and person of the President. I think we can achieve more if we begin to work actively and collaboratively at the periphery. There will be synergy if the President will create an active forum for strategy formulations and executions between him and the technical groups. By so doing, the required linkages will be built and the Society will be better for it.

The President also needs to engage the state chairmen to fashion out the specific needs of each state and devise ways of meeting them. We should not wait for issues and crisis to develop before we start engaging.

  1. Professionalism

It is important for you as our president to lead us back on the path of professionalism in the practice of Pharmacy in Nigeria. We are, by training, pharmaceutical scientists before anything else. We cannot win if we follow the rat-race in the market place, without adequate consideration for our origin.

Nigeria is certainly not one the best places in the world to practise Pharmacy, given the numerous obstacles embedded in the society. Nevertheless, it is our responsibility to create a unique environment which will make us to be proud of our practice.

  1. Inter-professional collaboration

I have been very consistent in my view and considered opinion that we should actively pursue inter-professional collaboration for better pharmacy practice in Nigeria. This pursuit should be deliberate and decisive and to be initiated from the top.

According to a renowned war strategist, Sun Tzu; “The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.” As the new President, it is really your lot to devise new engagement rules which will bring victory to the house of Pharmacy. The same war strategist told us that “Victorious warriors win first and then go to war; while defeated warriors go to war and then seek to win” and also that “He who knows when he can fight and when he cannot, will be victorious.” It is up to you as the Society looks forward to a better environment of practice.

I have prayed and will continue to pray that God will give you the wisdom, strength of character and courage to make a positive difference in our professional lives.

Please accept my best wishes for a successful and memorable tenure as PSN president.

Best regards.

Yours in the service of Pharmacy,

 

Dr. Lolu Ojo BPharm, MBA, PharmD, FPCPharm, FPSN, FNAPharm, DF-PEFON

Top 10 tips of warm lemon juice you must know

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A glass of warm lemon or lime water first thing in the morning is surprisingly helpful in several ways. This Yogic or Ayurvedic ritual was primarily for stimulating digestion and eliminating ama, the Ayurvedic term for toxic slime that builds up in the gastro-intestinal or GI tract. This ritual has even more health benefits.

The ten reasons you need warm lemon juice

  1. The warm lemon water helps purify and stimulate the liver. Lemon/lime water liquefies bile      while inhibiting excess bile flow.
  2. Warm lemon/lime water aids digestion. Its atomic composition is similar to saliva and the hydrochloric acid of digestive juices.
  3. The liver produces more enzymes from lemon/lime water than any other food, according to A.F. Beddoe, author of Biological Ionization as Applied to Human Nutrition.
  4. The lemon/lime water helps bowels eliminate naturally and easily.
  5. Lemons and limes are high in potassium. Potassium is an important mineral that works with sodium for smooth electrical transmission in the brain and nervous system. Depression, anxiety, fogginess, and forgetfulness can often be traced to low potassium blood levels. That same nervous system needs potassium to assure steady signals to the heart. So your heart health is improved from the lemon water’s potassium.
  6. Calcium and magnesium are plentiful in good ratio to each other in lemon/lime water. Magnesium is important for heart health and calcium prevents rickets.
  7. Lemon/lime water can help lower blood pressure.
  8. Lemon/lime water has an alkalizing effect in the body as it is buffered. Even if you drink it just before any meal, it will help your body maintain a higher pH than if you didn’t drink it. The higher or more alkaline your pH, the more your inner terrain is resistant to minor and major disease.
  9. Helps dilute uric acid, which if it accumulates it creates arthritic pain or gout.
  10. Helps reduce phlegm in the body.

Infants Super Foods: Egg yolks and mashed banana

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Egg yolks are known to be very nutritional and good for growing babies. Although mothers who fail to exclusively breast feed their babies most times resort to pretty little jars of baby food arranged in the stores, due to lack of understanding of what nutrients egg yolks are capable of supplying their bundle of joy. However, nutritionists have discovered that golden, wholesome, nutrient-dense egg yolks are the ideal first food for babies.

 

5 Reasons to Feed Your Baby Egg Yolks

  1. Egg yolks contain cholesterol. No, it’s not politically correct, but cholesterol is crucial for brain development (which is why breast milk contains plenty of cholesterol!).
  1. Egg yolks are rich in fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E and K. “These vitamins are essential for your baby to grow a strong, sturdy bone structure.
  1. Egg yolks are a great source of other vitamins and minerals that are important for growing babies. Like choline, vitamin B12, thiamin, riboflavin, folate, zinc, copper, selenium, and more!
  1. Egg yolks are a good source of natural fats and proteins for your baby. Breast milk is a marvelous balance of fats, proteins and natural carbohydrates. Feeding egg yolks to baby fits perfectly into their nutritional requirements, especially alongside other nutritious first foods like fresh mashed banana.
  1. Egg yolks are easy to digest. This is important, because a baby’s digestive system is still developing and it’s best to introduce foods that are gentle on their systems.

 

How to Prepare Egg Yolk for Baby

Egg yolks should be introduced when your baby starts showing interest in eating solid foods. This is typically around 6-8 months old–but it’s best to trust your baby and your parental instincts when it comes to introducing solid foods to your baby.

Cook egg yolks carefully to preserve their nutrients. You can do this with gentle hard boiling, scrambling, or poaching.

 

What about Egg Whites for Babies?

Egg whites are a little more difficult to digest, and are better introduced closer to 12 months old when your baby’s digestive system has matured a little more.

These fruits will fortify you against cancer, heart diseases – Scientists

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How much do you know about soursop, cucumber, pineapple, and watermelon? To a layman, these fruits are merely beneficial for their refreshing juices, as well as the fact that they can be taken as snacks. However, as a group of scientists have recently noted, there’s so much to these fruits than most of us already know.

Researchers from both the Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria; and the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, have found that soursop, cucumber, pineapple, and watermelon, possess considerable concentrations of phytochemicals to shield the regular consumers from cancer, heart attacks, and other infections.

Their findings were contained in a report published in the latest edition of the Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research and titled, “In Vitro assessment of proximate and phytochemical quantifications of some edible fruits”.

According to the lead author, Apiamu Augustine, the research was conducted to ascertain comparatively, the proximate and phytochemical compositions of these edible fruits: Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Ananas comosus (pineapple) and Annona muricata (soursop). He added that he hoped their findings will also boost regular consumption of the fruits, which are potential preventive agents of chronic diseases.

Findings from the proximate and phytochemical analysis on wet weight basis among the four fruits revealed that there was statistical significance. The analysis further showed that watermelon had the highest total fat, crude fibre and moisture contents (0.24, 0.99 and 41.97 per cent) respectively but least in total carbohydrate (45.26 per cent) ; while soursop exerted the highest ash, crude protein and total carbohydrate contents (0.39 per cent, 13.34 per cent and 74.66 per cent) but least in total fat and moisture contents; 0.10 per cent and 10.97 per cent respectively.

The phytochemical analysis indicated comparatively that soursop had the highest concentrations of phytate, oxalate, tannin, phenol and alkaloids among other fruits; while pineapple, cucumber and watermelon had least levels of phytate, oxalate, phenol tannin and alkaloid respectively.

According to the authors, “in view of the appreciable levels of the nutrients and phytochemicals in the fruits, the results therefore suggest that regular consumption of these fruits would be safe for human health and effective management of some pathological conditions.”

Earlier studies had stressed the health benefits of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables. This is line with the recommendation of World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) that optimal diet for everyone is a low-fat and fibre diet, rich in complex carbohydrate and characterised by a frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables at least 400g daily as well as whole-grains, cereals and legumes at least 30g daily.

Nutritionists also maintain that the main contribution of fruits in nutrition is vitamins and the main source from which humans and animals derive their vitamins is from fruits and vegetables. Thus, fruits and vegetables provide vitamins and minerals in quantities high enough to provide the body with its needs for daily survival and healthy living.

 Detailed description and nutritive values of the fortifiers

Soursop, which is known scientifically as Annona muricata L.(Annonaceae family), is described by many other common names such as guanabana, graviola, corossol, guyabano, depending on the geographic location of the plant . It is a heavily fruited, low-branching tree crop belonging to the family “Annonaceae” with about 60 representative species known mostly for its edible fruits referred to as Anona.

The fruits are large, variably shaped, highly prized for their pleasant aromatic, juicy flesh, distinctive flavour and may be consumed raw (fresh), cooked or fermented. It could also be processed into different products of economic values among which is juice, and it has many therapeutic properties such as; diuretic, antiurethritis, antihaematuria, antibacterial, anticancerous, astringent, sedative, and anti-aging attributes. Soursop fruit juice is also reported to be rich in nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins especially ascorbic acid, fibres, proteins, unsaturated fats and essential minerals.

The species Citrullus lanatus, known as watermelon, belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, which consists of nearly 100 genera and over 750 species .They are widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics, and a few species occur in temperate regions.

Watermelon It is an economically important fruit crop and valuable alternative source of water in desert areas. It is a good source of lycopene, citrulline and important minerals and vitamins .It has the highest lycopene content among fresh fruits and vegetables; watermelon contains 60 per cent more lycopene than tomato. Lycopene in the human diet is associated with prevention of heart attacks and certain cancers. The rind of watermelon contains an important natural compound called citrulline, an amino acid that the human body makes from food. Citrulline is found in high concentration in liver, and is involved with athleticability and functioning of the immune system. It is a good source of fibre, which is important for keeping digestive tract operating properly by preventing constipation, haemorrhoids and diverticular disease, the report noted.

Pineapple is a source of bromelain, which is a protein-digesting enzyme. Scientifically called ‘Ananas comosu, pineapple’ is a tropical plant with an edible and multiple fruits consisting of coalesced berries named for resembling of the pine cone. It is the most economically important plant in the Bromeliacea family. Pineapple is an important food, which can be eaten fresh or in a processed form. It is composed of nutrients, which are good for human health. This is due to researches carried out on the relationship between nutrients in pineapple and human health.

According to nutrition experts, pineapple contains antioxidants such as flavonoids, vitamin A and C respectively. These antioxidants reduce the oxidative damage caused by free radicals and chelating of metal ions. It also has the enzyme complex protease (bromelain).

The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family “Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same genus as the muskmelon. Having an enclosed seed and developing from a flower, botanically speaking, cucumbers are classified as fruits. However, much like tomatoes and squash, they are often perceived, prepared and eaten as vegetables.

In the words of research nutritionists JB Lim, the special medical and chief science adviser & head of the Technical Advisory Board at the Dynapaharm Int’l Group, “ the flesh of cucumber is primarily composed of water but also contains vitamin C and caffeic acid, both of which help soothe skin irritations and reduce swelling. Cucumbers also possess cancer preventing and anti-tumour properties and reduce body weight, lipid metabolism and obesity related hormones levels.

Cucumbers also contain alpha carotene, beta carotene, betalain, cryptoxanthin, lutien, phytosterols, zeaxanthin, vitamin A, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B9 and vitamin K, while Cucumbers’ hard skin is rich in fibre and contains a variety of beneficial minerals including silica, potassium and magnesium.

 Other health benefits of the quartets

  • Energy Booster – Cucumbers are a powerful alternative to caffeine filled beverages because of the B vitamins and carbohydrates. Consume cucumber instead of tea, coffee or sodas during the day. Cucumbers have been used for centuries by European trappers, traders and explorers for quick meals to avoid starvation.
  • Hangover Cure – To avoid headaches and hangovers consume some cucumber slices before bed after drinking. Cucumbers contain enough sugar, B vitamins and electrolytes to replenish essential nutrients the body lost, keeping everything in equilibrium, avoiding both a hangover and headache.

 

  • Reduce Wrinkles And Cellulite – Rubbing a slice of cucumber on problem areas for a few minutes will cause the collagen in the skin to tighten, firming up the outer layer and reducing the visibility of both cellulite and wrinkles.
  • Breath Freshener – Take a slice of cucumber and press it to the roof of the mouth with the tongue for 30 seconds to eliminate bad breath. The phytochemicals will kill the bacteria in the mouth responsible for causing bad breath.
  • Toothache And Gum Pain Relief – – Bite a slice of cucumber in half and gently rub the soft inner part on the affected part of the gums.
  • Stress Relief – Cut up an entire cucumber and place it in a boiling pot of water, the chemicals and nutrients from the cucumber will react with the boiling water and be released in the steam, creating a soothing, relaxing aroma that has been shown to reduce stress in new mothers and college students during final exams.
  • Protect Your Brain – Soursop and pineapple contain an anti-inflammatory flavonol called fisetin that appears to play an important role in brain health. In addition to improving your memory and protecting your nerve cells from age-related decline, 1fisetin has been found to prevent progressive memory and learning impairments in mice with Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Reduce Cancer Risk – The fruits contain polyphenols called lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol, and secoisolariciresinol), which may help to lower your risk of breast, uterine, ovarian, and prostate cancers.
  • Fight Inflammation – They may help to “cool” the inflammatory response in the body.
  • Antioxidant Properties – Watermelon and cucumber contain numerous antioxidants, including the well-known vitamin C and beta-carotene. They also contain antioxidant flavonoids, such as quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol, which provide additional benefits.
  • Manages Stress – Cucumbers contain multiple B vitamins, including vitamin B1, vitamin B5, and vitamin B7 (biotin). B vitamins are known to help ease feelings of anxiety and buffer some of the damaging effects of stress.
  • Support Digestive Health – They are rich in two of the most basic elements needed for healthy digestion: water and fibre. If you struggle with acid reflux, you should know that drinking water can help suppress acute symptoms of acid reflux by temporarily raising stomach pH; it’s possible that water-rich cucumbers may have a similar effect.
  • Maintain Healthy Weight – The fruits are very low in calories, yet they make a filling snack (one cup of sliced cucumber contains just 16 calories). The soluble fibre in them dissolves into a gel-like texture in your gut, helping to slow down your digestion. This helps you to feel full longer and is one reason why fibre-rich foods may help with weight control.

References:

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research, livescience.com, and naturecures

2015 World Polio Day: WHO DG Visits Nigeria, formally declares her free from the virus

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Towards the global celebration of Polio eradication, as October 24 of every year is set aside for enlightenment campaign on the diseaseWHO DG to further curb the spread, the World Health Organization (WHO) is set to formally pronounce the delisting of Nigeria as a polio endemic country before President Muhammadu Buhari.

In expressing the great importance attached to the event, which is scheduled for the State House next Monday, the country will be hosting the Director-General of WHO, Dr. Margaret Chan, who will be represented by WHO Regional Director for Africa, Dr. Matshidiso R. Moeti.

According to the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Health, Mr. Linus Awute, in an interview with P.M, he said that the Regional Director will meet with Mr. President to formally announce to the Government of Nigeria the WHO’s decision to remove Nigeria from the list of Polio endemic countries, as a recognition of the immediate achievement of Nigeria in stopping the transmission of the Wild Polio Virus for a period of fourteen months, which has exceeded WHO’s target for interruption.

The Regional Director, Dr. Moeti, is also expected to emphasize to policy makers and major stakeholders, that despite tremendous progress in Nigeria, complacency is not a luxury at the disposal of the Government and partners until the gains of this great feat is sustained for two years to be able to achieve the certification of Nigeria as a Polio-free nation by 2017.

In order to boost population immunity of children between the ages of zero to five years, as well as achieve eradication status in 2017, Nigeria will continue to vaccinate children, irrespective of their previous immunization status.

It will be recalled that on 25 September 2015, WHO declared Nigeria Polio free, which implies that polio is no longer endemic in Nigeria, and this is the first time that Nigeria has interrupted transmission of wild poliovirus, bringing the country and the African region closer than ever to being certified polio-free.

Presently, only two countries -Pakistan and Afghanistan, are still battling with the polio virus.

 

Do you know Tomatoes are great fruits?

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Tomatoes are often considered as vegetable, though in reality they are citrus fruits. Tomatoes are incredibly versatile food. They are deliciously eaten raw, in salads or on sandwiches, and taken on a wonderful sweetness when cooked. Their high acid content makes them a perfect food for canning.

One medium whole tomato contains around 22 calories, 0 grams of fat, 5 grams of carbohydrates, 1 gram of dietary fiber, 1 gram of protein and 6 milligrams of sodium. It also provides 40 percent of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C, 20 percent of the RDA of vitamin A, 2 percent of the RDA of iron, and 1 percent of the RDA of calcium.

Here are some of the health benefits of tomatoes.

  1. Ward off Cancer:

Numerous studies have concluded that the more tomatoes people eat the lower their risks of certain cancers, especially lung, stomach and prostate cancers. A substance called lycopene, which is responsible for tomatoes red color, is thought to be the reason for this cancer protective effect. Processed tomatoes contain even more lycopene than raw ones. The process of cooking breaks down the cell walls, helping to release the lycopene. Eating tomatoes with a little bit of fat, such as olive oil, helps lycopene to be better absorbed by the body.

  1. Prevent DNA Damage:

Tomatoes are high in important antioxidants such as vitamin C and Vitamin A. These vitamins work to fend of DNA damage from free radicals. Consequently, tomatoes may help to ward off age related diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.

  1. Reduce the Risk of Heart Disease:

Tomatoes contain important nutrients, such as niacin, folate and vitamin B6, that have associated with the reduction of heart disease risk. One study found that women who ate 7 to 10 servings of tomato products per week had a 29 percent lower risk of cardiovascular disease than women who consumed less than a serving and a half of tomato products each week. Results were even more impressive when the women ate oil-rich tomato products.

  1. Protect Against Thrombosis:

Another study showed that drinking 8 ounces of tomato juice daily reduced platelet aggregation significantly, among study subjects. Those drinking a placebo showed no benefit. It’s important to drink low-sodium tomato juice if you are trying to protect against thrombosis (blood clots in the blood vessel), as high sodium levels can cause negative effects for this type of disease.

  1. Ward off Inflammation:

A double blind study found that drinking a glass of tomato juice a day can reduce blood levels of TNF-alpha by 34 percent. TNF-alpha causes inflammation. High levels have been found in individuals with most chronic, degenerative diseases such as heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s.

  1. Improves vision:

Vitamin A, present in tomatoes, helps to improve your eyesight as well as prevent night-blindness and macular degeneration.

  1. Maintaining blood health:

Research suggests that a single tomato can provide about 40% of the daily vitamin C requirement and also contains vitamin A, potassium, and iron that is essential for maintaining normal blood health. Vitamin K, which is controls bleeding and blood clotting, tomatoes help in blood circulation.

  1. Good for digestion:

Eating tomatoes daily can keep your digestive system healthy as it prevents both, constipation and diarrhoea. It also prevents jaundice and effectively removes toxins from the body.

Pear: The super protective fruit

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Pears provide a very good source of fiber and are also a good source of vitamin B2, C, E, copper, and potassium. They also contain a significant amount of pectin, which is a water soluble fiber.

Pears are actually higher in pectin than apples. This makes them effective in helping to lower cholesterol levels and in toning the intestines. They are often recommended by health care practitioners as a hypoallergenic fruit that is high in fiber. They are less likely to produce an adverse response than other fruits. Pears are often recommended as safe fruit to introduce to infants. Pears are an extraordinary source of dietary fiber when the skin is eaten along with the flesh. Pears are also an excellent source of vitamin C and vitamin E, both powerful antioxidants and essential nutrients.

The Benefits are as follows

  1. Blood pressure: Pears have anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogen glutathione which help prevent high blood pressure and stroke.
  2. Cancer prevention: The high vitamin C and copper content act as good anti-oxidants that protect cells from damages by free radicals.
  3. Cholesterol: The high content of pectin in pears make it very useful in helping to lower cholesterol levels.
  4. Colon health: When not juicing, eat the pear whole for its precious fiber that are highly beneficial for your colon health.
  5. Constipation: The pectin in pears is diuretic and have a mild laxative effect. Drinking pear juice regularly helps regulate bowel movements.
  6. Energy: You can get quick and natural source of energy from pear juice, due largely to its high amounts of fructose and glucose.
  7. Fever: The cooling effect in pear is excellent in relieving fever. Best way to bring a fever down quickly is by drinking a big glass of pear juice.
  8. Immune booster: The anti-oxidant nutrients in pears are critical in building up your immune system. Drink pear juice when you feel a cold coming.
  9. Inflammation: Pear juice has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps relieve sufferers of much pain in various inflammatory conditions.
  10. Osteoporosis: Pears contain high level of boron. Boron helps the body to retain calcium, thus prevents or retards osteoporosis.
  11. Pregnancy: The high content of folate (folic acid) prevents neural tube defects in infants.
  12. Shortness of breath: The summer heat may cause children to have shortness of breath with excessive phlegm. Drink pear juice during this period to help clear the phlegm.
  13. Throat problem: The pears are in season during the summer for a reason. Drinking pear juice every morning and night helps to cool your body down during this time. It nourishes the throat and helps prevent throat problems.
  14. Vocal cord: Boil two pear juice with some raw honey and drink warm. This is extremely healing for the throat and the vocal cord.
  15. Fiber: Pears are an excellent source of natural dietary fiber. One pear will give you 24% of your recommended daily allowance of fiber. Fiber contains no calories, and is a necessary element of a healthy diet as it helps sustain blood sugar levels and promotes regularity.

 

Lifestyle management, sure way to prevent BPH- Alege

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Pharm. Lanre Alege, of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, UITH, has harped on the need for men to embrace lifestyle changes  in order to reduce the risk of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, BPH.

Alege, who made the call in a lecture at the weekend entitled : “Minimising the Risk of BPH” during the monthly Keep Fit Exercise for members of staff of the UITH held at the Kwara Stadium, explained the essence of lifestyle management to the members and why it is important to initiate earlier.

According to him, the lifestyle changes include: nutrition, limitation of alcohol intake, exercise, sitting habit, dressing mode and regular sexual intercourse.

He described Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, BPH, as a non cancerous growth of the prostate gland.

Mr. Alege explained that studies in some developed countries had shown that 50 per cent of men in their 60s and about 80 per cent of those in their 80s suffered from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, BPH.

“The prostate gland is a secretary gland in the male reproductive organ which is a disease common in men aged 50 and above,” he stated.

According to him, as the prostate gland expands, it squeezes the urethra or causes the muscles around the urethra to contract, making it difficult to urinate.

“Frequent urination, especially at night, reduces or weakens the flow of urine, difficulty or hesitation in starting urine or holding urine or feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder after urination,” he said.

“Consumption of red meat everyday triples the chances for prostate disease. Milk intake everyday also doubles the risk while not taking fruits and vegetables multiply the risk.

“Men should avoid tight under wear, as it impacts on circulation around the groin and heat up a bit. Regular sex is good for the prostate,” he said.

The Acting Head of Department, Nursing Services, Elizabeth Aina, lauded the management of UITH for sustaining the programme.

According to Mrs. Aina, the importance of exercise in improving the physical, mental, social and emotional build up cannot be over emphasised.

The state Director of Sports, Tunde Kazeem, noted that the attendance was not encouraging and charged UITH Heads of Departments to encourage their staff to always participate in the programme, considering its importance.

(NAN)

 

Why You Need To Start Drinking Green Tea

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Green tea has increasingly become a very popular drink worldwide because of its immensely powerful health benefits. It is extraordinarily amazing what green tea can do for your health. Depending on body system, some can take up to 3 to 4 cups of green tea in a day; however, to enjoy the health benefits of green tea, you must drink it daily in moderate quantity. Here are the 25 reasons why you should start drinking Green Tea

  1. Green Tea and Cancer

Green tea helps reduce the risk of cancer. The antioxidant in green tea is 100 times more effective than vitamin C and 25 times better than vitamin E. This helps your body at protecting cells from damage believed to be linked to cancer.

  1. Green Tea and Heart Disease

Green tea helps prevent heart disease and stroke by lowering the level of cholesterol. Even after the heart attack, it prevents cell deaths and speeds up the recovery of heart cells.

  1. Green Tea and Anti-Aging

Green tea contains antioxidant known as polyphenols which fight against free radicals. What this means it helps you fight against aging and promotes longevity.

  1. Green Tea and Weight Loss

Green tea helps with your body weight loss. Green tea burns fat and boosts your metabolism rate naturally. It can help you burn up to 70 calories in just one day. That translates to 7 pounds in one year.

  1. Green Tea and Skin

Antioxidant in green tea protects the skin from the harmful effects of free radicals, which cause wrinkling and skin aging. Green tea also helps fight against skin cancer.

  1. Green Tea and Arthritis

Green tea can help prevent and reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Green tea has benefit for your health as it protects the cartilage by blocking the enzyme that destroys cartilage.

  1. Green Tea and Bones

The very key to this is high fluoride content found in green tea. It helps keep your bones strong. If you drink green tea every day, this will help you preserve your bone density.

  1. Green Tea and Cholesterol

Green tea can help lower cholesterol level. It also improves the ratio of good cholesterol to bad cholesterol, by reducing bad cholesterol level.

  1. Green Tea and Obesity

Green tea prevents obesity by stopping the movement of glucose in fat cells. If you are on a healthy diet, exercise regularly and drink green tea, it is unlikely you’ll be obese.

  1. Green Tea and Diabetes

Green tea improves lipid and glucose metabolisms, prevents sharp increases in blood sugar level, and balances your metabolism rate.

  1. Green Tea and Alzheimer’s

Green tea helps boost your memory. And although there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s, it helps slow the process of reduced acetylcholine in the brain, which leads to Alzheimer’s.

  1. Green Tea and Parkinson’s

Antioxidants in green tea helps prevent against cell damage in the brain, which could cause Parkinson’s. People drinking green tea also are less likely to progress with Parkinson’s.

  1. Green Tea and Liver Disease

Green tea helps prevent transplant failure in people with liver failure. Researchers showed that green tea destroys harmful free radicals in fatty livers.

  1. Green Tea and High Blood Pressure

Green tea helps prevent high blood pressure. Drinking green tea helps keep your blood pressure down by repressing angiotensin, which leads to high blood pressure.

  1. Green Tea and Food Poisoning

Catechin found in green tea can kill bacteria which cause food poisoning and kill the toxins produced by those bacteria.

  1. Green Tea and Blood Sugar

Blood sugar tends to increase with age, but polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea help lower your blood sugar level.

  1. Green Tea and Immunity

Polyphenols and flavenoids found in green tea help boost your immune system, making your health stronger in fighting against infections.

  1. Green Tea and Cold and Flu

Green tea prevents you from getting a cold or flu. Vitamin C in green tea helps you treat the flu and the common cold.

  1. Green Tea and Asthma

Theophylline in green tea relaxes the muscles which support the bronchial tubes, reducing the severity of asthma.

  1. Green Tea and Ear Infection

Green tea helps with ear infection problem. For natural ear cleaning, soak a cotton ball in green tea and clean the infected ear.

  1. Green Tea and Herpes

Green tea increases the effectiveness of topical interferon treatment of herpes. First green tea compress is applied, and then let the skin dry before the interferon treatment.

  1. Green Tea and Tooth Decay

Green tea destroys bacteria and viruses that cause many dental diseases.It also slows the growth of bacteria which leads to bad breath.

  1. Green Tea and Stress

L-theanine, which is a kind of amino acids in green tea, can help relieve stress and anxiety.

  1. Green Tea and Allergies

EGCG found in green tea relieves allergies. So, if you have allergies, you should really consider drinking green tea.

  1. Green Tea and HIV

Scientists in Japan have found that EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) in green tea can stop HIV from binding to healthy immune cells.

The hidden benefits of plantain

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Plantains, also known as plátanos, are closely related cultivars of fruit or dessert banana. Generally, they are regarded as vegetables in the kitchen much like fellow tropical produces such as potatoes, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, etc. Indeed, plátanos are one of the staple sources of carbohydrates for larger populations in Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Central Americas for centuries, served in main courses.

Plantains belong to the same family as bananas but they have to be cooked to be eaten. Plantains are delicious and can be found in many places in the world. Here are a few health benefits of plantains:

  1. Plantains are very reliable sources of starch and energy.
  2. Plantains contain a high amount of dietary fibre which helps ensure healthy bowels and reduces constipation.
  3. Plantains have more vitamin C than bananas. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals.
  4. Plantains have more vitamin A than bananas. In addition to being a powerful antioxidant, vitamin A plays a vital role in the visual cycle, maintaining healthy mucus membranes, and enhancing skin complexion.
  5. As in bananas, they too are rich sources of B-complex vitamins, particularly high in vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine). Pyridoxine is an important B-complex vitamin that has a beneficial role in the treatment of neuritis, anemia, and to decrease homocystine (one of the causative factors for coronary artery disease (CHD) and stroke episodes) levels in the body.
  6. Plantains also contain folates, niacin, riboflavin and thiamin. Folates (folic acid) are essential for healthy pregnancy.
  7. Plantains also provide adequate levels of minerals such as iron, magnesium, and phosphorous. Magnesium is essential for bone strengthening and has a cardiac-protective role as well.
  8. Plantains have more potassium than bananas. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure, countering negative effects of sodium.
  9. Plantains are famed to be diuretic and can help prevent kidney and bladder problems.
  10. Plantains ease the discomfort associated with the menstrual period.

Have You Washed You Hands Today? #2015GlobalHandWashingday

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Hand washingIf the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic has caused Africans so much loss, it however did us one good by spreading the hand washing consciousness in the sub-African where the fear of the virus made both small and great embarked on regular hand hygiene all to prevent the disease.

The truth of the matter is that the Global Hand washing Day was instituted in October 15, 2008, by the UN General Assembly to drive home the importance of washing hands with soap and water, but this was not generally popularised in Nigeria and other African countries until the outbreak of EVD in 2014.

With the theme of this year’s campaign being: “Raise a Hand for Hygiene”, it is imperative for ALL to be part of the sanitation crusade. In fact, you don’t have to be involved in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector to celebrate Global Hand washing Day. Hand washing is important for everyone, everywhere, and we encourage you to tailor the ideas towards your daily individual and family life.

Below is 10 Real Reasons you must participate in Hand Washing Campaign

  • Hand hygiene at the right times saves lives.
  • Hand hygiene in health care has saved millions of lives in the last years.
  • Hand hygiene is a quality indicator of safe healthcare systems.
  • Health-care problems, like diarrheal, respiratory infections, intestinal worm, skin and eye infection which are often invisible but nevertheless still occur, can be prevented through regular hand washing.
  • Infections can be stopped through good hand hygiene, and patient and health worker harm prevented for less than $10.
  • Affordable life-saving technology is available! Alcohol-based handrub, which costs approximately $3 per bottle, can prevent HAI and millions of deaths every year.
  • #Handhygiene exists in the media, which means it exists as an important topic, whether due to HAI or outbreaks of deadly diseases like Ebola.
  • Embedding specific moments for hand hygiene action into health worker workflow makes it easier to do the right thing every minute, every hour, every day.
  • Infection prevention is at the heart of strengthening health-care systems. Hand hygiene is core to all interventions, whether inserting an invasive device, managing a surgical wound, or giving an injection.
  • The social epidemic has already begun to spread with SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands, a successful global campaign promoting hand hygiene action at the point of patient care.

 

Checkout the 32 natural remedies of onion

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Onions have been used for thousands of years as an ingredient in various dishes by many cultures around the world. This vegetable can be eaten raw, cooked, fried, dried or roasted. They are commonly used as flavouring and seasoning agent in many dishes. Aside from adding an excellent taste to dishes, onions also provide many health benefits to its users. In Chinese medicine, onions have been used to treat angina, coughs, bacterial infections, and respiratory problems. And even the World Health Organization (WHO) also supports the use of onions for the treatment of poor appetite and preventing atherosclerosis.

Health Benefits

  1. It is an immediate cure for fever, common cold, cough, sore throat, allergies, etc. A mixture of onion juice and honey can cure these problems easily.
  2. A small piece of onion can work against side effects of fever if it is kept on the forehead.
  3. A small piece of onion, when inhaled, can stop or slow down the bleeding through the nose.
  4. An onion a day can cure insomnia or sleeping disorders. This will surely give you a good night’s sleep.
  5. Onions can improve the digestive system. If you have a digestion problem, then onions can cure it by increasing the release of the digestion juices.
  6. Onions have antibiotic, antiseptic, antimicrobial and carminative properties to help you stay away from infections.
  7. Onions are rich in sulphur, fibers, potassium, vitamin B, vitamin C and they are low in fat, cholesterol and sodium.
  8. Onion juice can cure burnt skin or an insect bite or a bee bite. It may burn more but it can heal it very effectively.
  9. Onions can be used to prevent cancers. It works against head, neck and colon cancers.
  10. You can protect yourself from osteoporosis and atherosclerosis by consuming onions daily.
  11. Onions increase the insulin in the body and also treat diabetes by controlling the sugar levels in the blood.
  12. The bad cholesterol that causes heart problems can be burnt or removed if an onion is consumed daily. It keeps you safe from the coronary diseases and also protects the good cholesterol.
  13. Inflammation from arthritis in the joints can be healed with onions.
  14. There is a small trick with onions to get some relief from body pains. Onions should be fried in sesame or castor oil and can be used to heal any aches.
  15. One of the well-known tricks to remove dark patches or pigments on your face is to apply onion and turmeric juice on that area.
  16. Onion juice is also used to cure ear and eye problems. This juice is used for infants as eye drops for clear vision.
  17. This is also used for toothaches and tooth decaying.
  18. Onions have rejuvenation properties on the body tissues.
  19. For a few types of moles, onion juice works efficiently by removing them.
  20. For a good memory and a strong nervous system, consuming onions is your best bet.
  21. Onions cure menstrual disorders. Raw onions should be consumed before a few days of the beginning of your cycle.
  22. Use onion juice on the hair or the scalp to get rid of lice and hair fall. This is one of the most prominent of onion benefits for hair.
  23. Onions contain water, protein, fats, starch, fibers, minerals, calcium, vitamin C, iron and B complex.
  24. Anti-Ageing Benefits: Onions possess enormous anti-ageing benefits. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E fight against the damage caused by the harmful UV rays as well as prevent free radical damage that is responsible for causing premature ageing of our skin. Onion is one of the richest sources of quercetin, the most powerful antioxidant that can keep your skin wrinkle-free. Vitamins and sulphur, on the other hand, protect your skin, and keep it soft and supple. The anti-ageing qualities of onion can be attributed to the presence of sulphur-rich phytochemicals. Massaging your skin with fresh onion juice helps increase the blood circulation and improves the overall appearance of your skin by imparting a more youthful and radiant appearance.
  25. Treatment of Acne: The antimicrobial, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities of onion can work wonders on your skin. It is a powerful antiseptic that protects your skin from acne-causing bacteria and other skin infections. Onions can be used in the treatment of acne and pimples. For this purpose, you can mix 1 tablespoon of onion juice or extract with 1 tablespoon of olive oil and apply it on your face. Leave it on for 20 minutes and then wash off. Apart from topical application, the regular consumption of onion can also give you miraculous results in the case of acne.
  26. Lightens the Complexion: Onions help in purifying your blood and supply your body with flavonoids that assist Vitamin C in its important functions. The consumption of onions can keep your skin healthy and glowing. You can prepare your own face mask by combining 1 ½ tablespoons of freshly extracted onion juice with 2 tablespoons of gram flour, ½ teaspoon of milk and a pinch of nutmeg. Mix all these ingredients to form a thick paste and add some more milk, if required, to reach the desired consistency. You can also add a few drops of lavender essential oil to beat the smell of onions. Apply it all over your face after cleansing and leave for 15 to 20 minutes or until it dries. Dab a cotton ball in milk and remove the pack by massaging in gentle circular movements. This will exfoliate the dead skin cells and lighten the skin tone.
  27. Treatment of Dark Spots and Pigmentation: Onion juice is excellent for getting rid of dark spots and pigmentation. The rich variety of phytonutrients and antioxidants in onion nourish your skin while removing the skin impurities. You can prepare a face pack by mixing equal quantities of onion juice and fresh yogurt. You can also add a few drops of any essential oil for a pleasant aroma. Massage your face with this mixture, using gentle circular movements for 10 to 15 minutes. This should be done daily for best results.
  28. Treatment of Stings and Bites: Onions can be used to soothe stings and bug bites. All you need to do is place an onion slice on your sting or bite. The anti-inflammatory properties of onion help in reducing the burn, itchiness and swelling caused by insect and bug bites.
  29. Treatment of Thinning Hair: Onion is quite helpful in treating thinning hair. All you need to do is juice an onion in a juicer and add ½ teaspoon of honey to it. You can add any essential oil of your choice to suppress the smell. Apply this mixture all over your hair or onto the portions that appear thin. Leave it overnight and do not cover your head. Shampoo your hair the next morning. This should be done at least once to thrice a week for best results.
  30. Treatment of Hair Loss and Dandruff: You can prepare a hair mask using an onion to combat hair loss, dandruff and an itchy scalp. Onion juice is particularly beneficial for increasing the length of your hair. All you need to do is grind or mash an onion and strain it through a grinder to obtain the juice. Mix this juice with equal amounts of olive or coconut oil and apply it on your scalp and hair. Cover your head with a shower cap and leave it for 2 hours. Rinse it off with a shampoo to get rid of the stickiness in the hair. This hair pack will improve the ability of your hair to regrow besides imparting a shiny, glossy look to your hair. It should be applied twice a month for best results.
  1. Maintains Hair Colour: You can apply onion juice on your hair to impart a nice coppery shade as well as to make your hair glossy. However, if you wish to maintain the natural color of your hair, you can blend an onion with adequate amounts of mustard oil and apply it on your hair. The mustard oil will suppress the color lightening effect of onion.
  2. Natural Conditioner: To condition your hair naturally, you can apply a mixture of onion and fenugreek paste on your hair. Keep it for half an hour and wash off with a mild shampoo.

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Pharmacologist, two others, win 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine

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Novel prizeThree scientists from Ireland, Japan and China respectively have won the 2015 Nobel prize in medicine for discoveries that helped doctors fight malaria and infections caused by roundworm parasites.

Tu Youyou, a Chinese-born pharmacologist discovered one of the most effective treatments for malaria while working on a secret military project during China’s Cultural Revolution.

The 84-year-old pharmacologist was awarded half of the prestigious 8m Swedish kronor (£631,000) prize for her discovery of artemisinin, a drug that proved to be an improvement on chloroquine, which had become far less effective as the malaria parasites developed resistance.

A Fellow of the American Society of Pharmacognosy (ASP) Professor Satoshi Ömura, along with William C. Campbell, an Irish-born researcher who did his work in the U.S, shared the other half of the Prize for their works on the microbial production of the avermectin class of compounds, which was initial discovered by Ömura, and later followed up by Campbell. These compounds are important in the treatment of river blindness and other parasitic diseases

Satoshi Ömura, noted natural products chemist , shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the microbial production of the avermectin class of compounds. These compounds are important in the treatment of river blindness and other parasitic diseases. Ömura isolated avermectin from Streptomyces avermitilis isolated from Japanese soil. William Campbell followed up on this discovery for applications in livestock and other domestic animals. Youyou Tu also shared the prize for work with artemisinin, used in the treatment of malaria. Ömura and Williams shared one-half of the prize, while Tu received the other half.

Together, the scientists have transformed the lives of millions of people in the developing world, where parasitic diseases that cause illness and death are most rife.

“The two discoveries have provided humankind with powerful new means to combat these debilitating diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually,” the Nobel committee said. “The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable.”

 

More Reasons You need an Apple A Day

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Apples ranked second for highest antioxidant activity. However, they ranked highest for the proportion of free phenolic compounds, which means they are not bound to other compounds in the fruit and therefore may be more easily absorbed into your bloodstream.

7 Benefits of an Apple

Prevent High Blood Pressure

There is overwhelming evidence that one-third of all cancer cases and half the incidences of cardiovascular disease and hypertension can be attributed to diet.Because apples are high in potassium, a mineral that helps control blood pressure, they can help reduce the risk of stroke.

Protect Your Heart

University of California-Davis researchers found that apples and apple juice may help slow the oxidation process that is involved in the buildup of plaque that leads to heart disease. Participants added only two apples or 12 ounces of apple juice to their diet daily and positive effects were evident after only six weeks.

Reduce Cholesterol

A medium apple provides five grams of fibre – more than most cereals. Apples are one of the top fruits with plenty of pectin, a soluble fibre that reduces cholesterol. Pectin prevents cholesterol from building up in the lining of blood vessel walls, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Protection against Colon Cancer

When the natural fibre in apples ferments in the colon, it produces chemicals that help fight the formation of cancer cells, according to new research from Germany.

Reduced Risk of Asthma

A study completed at Aberdeen University found there is strong evidence that a healthy diet rich in anti-oxidants and vitamins is good for asthma. Researchers found that when children sipped on apple juice their symptoms were relieved. Dr Peter Burney, who led the project, believes that the ‘phytochemicals’ in apples, such as flavanoids and phenolic acids, help calm inflammation in the airways.

Bone Protection

Researchers believe that a flavanoid called phloridzin, found only in apples may protect post-menopausal women from osteoporosis and may also increase bone density. Boron, another ingredient in apples, also strengthens bones.

Stave Off Alzheimer’s disease

Apples contain quercetin, a powerful antioxidant that protects brain cells from degeneration in rats and might do the same in humans. Dr. Ramani Soundararajan from Dalhousie Medical School and Dr. Vasantha Rupasinghe at the Nova Scotia Agricultural College found that Red Delicious flavonoids had strong neuroprotective effects.

Signs of Heart Disease

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Many people associate heart disease with obvious symptoms like chest pain. But there are some not-so-obvious connections, like swollen feet or bleeding gums that should also merit a heart check from your doctor.

Heart disease symptoms in women and men could include shortness of breath or chest pain. But your doctor may also look for some surprising heart disease signs during an examination.

Knowing the signs of heart disease is important because you may have them before you have any of the common heart disease symptoms. Letting your doctor know about these warning signs could help you get an early jump on heart disease.

“Signs like ankle swelling or weight gain do not necessarily mean you have heart disease, but taken together with other symptoms of heart disease, laboratory studies, and family history, they are an important part of making a diagnosis of heart disease or heart failure.

Swelling of the Feet and Lower Legs

Retention of fluid in the feet and legs is known as peripheral edema. Edema may appear as “sock marks” at the end of the day. Mild peripheral edema is common. Your doctor may check for this sign by pressing a finger against your ankle or shin bone to see if a depression is left behind. This is called “pitting edema.”

Edema may be a sign of heart failure because, when your heart is not pumping well, fluid from inside your blood vessels tends to leak out into surrounding tissues. The legs and ankles are common areas for edema because of the effects of gravity.

Peripheral edema may be caused by a host of issues, and the bottom line is that most people with peripheral edema do not have heart disease, but it could be an important sign if there are other signs and symptoms of heart failure.”

Male Pattern Baldness

Several large studies have confirmed the link between baldness and heart disease. Compared to men with a full head of hair, men with crown loss have an increased risk of heart disease of about 23 percent. Men with complete loss of hair on the top of their head have an increased risk of 36 percent.

The combination of hair loss, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol pushes the risk even higher. This link may be due to too much of the male hormone testosterone, which interferes with hair growth on the head and causes hardening of the arteries. That doesn’t mean you are doomed to heart failure if you are bald, but it does suggest you should be screened more carefully for other signs and symptoms of heart disease.

Yellow Bumps on the Skin

Xanthomas are deposits of fat that build up under the skin. They may appear as small yellow bumps or as flat, wide plaques on your elbows, knees, hands, feet, or buttocks. A type of xanthoma called “xanthelasma palpebra” appears on the eyelids. These yellow, fat deposits can potentially be signs of heart disease because they may indicate high levels of fats in the blood.

“Xanthomas may be a sign of a rare, inherited type of blood disorder in which high levels of triglycerides accumulate in the blood. Xanthomas may also be a sign of increased cholesterol and they may disappear once cholesterol levels are under control.

Signs of Heart Failure

Heart failure means the heart is not functioning as well as it should. It doesn’t mean the heart has failed. Another term for heart failure is congestive heart failure, or CHF. Heart failure gradually gets worse over time. Some early warning signs may include:

  1. Weight gain: If your heart starts to fail and fluid starts to build up in your tissue, causing edema, you might see a sudden weight gain.
  2. Frequent urination: Heart failure may cause decreased blood flow to the kidneys, which causes you to retain more fluid. One of the signs of this fluid may be frequent urination.
  3. Cataracts: Although the exact connection is not known, studies show that people who have cataracts are at higher risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. “This link is probably more of an association than a sign of heart disease.”
  4. Nighttime cough: “One of the signs of heart failure may be the build-up of fluid in the chest and heart when lying flat at night. This pressure can cause a nighttime cough.

 

Pharmanews, White Tulip partner on health practitioners’ training

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white tulipPoised to spread their capacity building wealth of experience across all borders in the health care industry, Pharmanews limited and White Tulip Consulting Limited have signed a two-year-contract for training health professionals across the country.

Speaking at the press conference on Wednesday, the Publisher of Pharmanews, Sir, Ifeanyi Atueyi said the partnership is a step forward in a capacity building journey which the company began some twenty-two years back, adding that the goal of the pact is to build a stronger training force for health practitioners.

Why Women Should Drink More Water During Pregnancy

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Drink More Water During Pregnancy
Drink More Water During Pregnancy

To Keep Hydrated: We are all familiar with the effects of dehydration, common symptoms being headaches, nausea, and dizziness. While pregnant, women are no strangers to these symptoms — why not take away one more potential cause of making one feel more ill than she already is?

Some studies suggest that drinking too much sugar-infested soda can result in an increased risk of contracting     gestational diabetes. There is an increased risk of cavities forming in pregnant women as well, and drinks with sugar   in them will help those cavities form.  Drinking water will hydrate you enough so you won’t go reaching for that tempting can of soda.

For Smooth and Clear Complexion: Pregnancy hormones can wreak havoc on one’s face. What was once smooth can now be riddled with pimples. It’s an age old beauty industry truth that drinking water helps maintain a clear complexion.

Prevents Infections: Pregnant women are prone to urinary tract infections. By keeping the urine diluted with a high volume of water, you minimize the risk of contracting one.

Prevents Edema: Many women suffer from edema when pregnant. Swelling that is more than normal is usually associated with elevated blood pressure. Drinking water helps flush out the sodium, thereby minimizing the swelling.

Amniotic Fluid Balance: Your baby needs a deep swimming pool to nestle in, and maintaining a good level of amniotic fluid is of utmost importance. Drinking water helps ensure the amniotic fluid levels don’t go too low, according to some studies.

Enhances Easy Blood Flow: Pregnant women are no strangers to blood draws. When you are hydrated, your blood flows better which makes it easier to access and draw blood without the vein collapsing. And who wants to risk a painful, drawn out date with your local phlebotomist?

Prevents Heat: Heat intolerance is a common complaint of pregnant women. With a higher susceptibility to heat stroke and exhaustion due to the need to cool themselves as well as the babies inside of them, drinking water is an easy method to quickly cool down. There is also a danger to the baby a woman carries when her inner temperature gets too high, so drink away.

Prevents Overeating: A common dieting technique is to drink plenty of water as it helps trigger the “full” indicator inside the body. Many women struggle with excessive weight gain during pregnancy for an assortment of reasons. Drinking water can help prevent overeating.

Prevents Constipation: Water also helps prevent constipation which many women suffer from during pregnancy when their bowel movements get sluggish due to physical changes, iron supplements, and hormonal changes. Of course, after birth drinking water is also imperative, especially for nursing mothers who are maintaining a milk supply for their babies.

All You Need To Know About Carrots

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Carrot also known as the Crunchy Powerfood is a very good source of vitamin A. With this orange-coloured rich powerful food, you are sure to get loads of vitamin A and a host of other health benefits including beautiful skin, cancer prevention, and anti-aging.

Maximum benefits from this amazing fruit.

  1. Improves vision

Carrots being “good for the eyes” are one of the few we got right. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the liver. Vitamin A is transformed in the retina, to rhodopsin, a purple pigment necessary for night vision.

Beta-carotene has also been shown to protect against macular degeneration and senile cataracts. A study found that people who eat the most beta-carotene had 40 percent lower risk of macular degeneration than those who consumed little.

  1. Helps prevent cancer

Carrots reduce the risk of lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. Researchers have just discovered falcarinol and falcarindiol which they feel cause the anticancer properties.

Falcarinol is a natural pesticide produced by the carrot that protects its roots from fungal diseases. Carrots are one of the only common sources of this compound. A study showed 1/3 lower cancer risk by carrot-eating mice.

  1. Slows down aging

The high level of beta-carotene acts as an antioxidant to cell damage done to the body through regular metabolism.  It help slows down the aging of cells.

  1. Promotes healthier skin

Vitamin A and antioxidants protects the skin from sun damage. Deficiencies of vitamin A cause dryness to the skin, hair and nails. Vitamin A prevents premature wrinkling, acne, dry skin, pigmentation, blemishes, and uneven skin tone.

  1. Helps prevent infection

Carrots are known by herbalists to prevent infection. They can be used on cuts – shredded raw or boiled and mashed.

  1. Promotes healthier skin (from the outside)

Carrots are used as an inexpensive and very convenient facial mask.  Just mix grated carrot with a bit of honey. See the full recipe here: carrot face mask.

  1. Prevents heart disease

Studies show that diets high in carotenoids are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.  Carrots have not only beta-carotene but also alpha-carotene and lutein.

The regular consumption of carrots also reduces cholesterol levels because the soluble fibers in carrots bind with bile acids.

  1. Cleanses the body

Vitamin A assists the liver in flushing out the toxins from the body. It reduces the bile and fat in the liver. The fibers present in carrots help clean out the colon and hasten waste movement.

  1. Protects teeth and gums

It’s all in the crunch! Carrots clean your teeth and mouth. They scrape off plaque and food particles just like toothbrushes or toothpaste.  Carrots stimulate gums and trigger a lot of saliva, which being alkaline, balances out the acid-forming, cavity-forming bacteria.  The minerals in carrots prevent tooth damage.

  1. Prevents stroke

Researchers have confirmed that people who ate more than six carrots a week are less likely to suffer a stroke than those who ate only one carrot a month or less.

2015 World Pharmacist Day: Pharmacist; Your Partner in Health

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Each year, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) which is the international body for Pharmacists and pharmaceutical societies  across the world celebrates the world Pharmacist day on the 25th of September to commemorate the day FIP was founded in 1912. One hundred and three years after that important date, the pharmacy profession has indeed added value to the world in terms of good health and prosperity. The life line of the health sector is medicine; without drugs and other pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and beauty products ,you will agree with me that our world will not have reached this age of advancement, growth and development. In this light, a day like this signifies the immense contributions of pharmacists and the pharmacy profession to our world.
Who is a Pharmacist?
Pharmacists are specialists in medicines and they understand their composition, chemical and physical properties, manufacture, uses, side effects and interactions with food and other medicines. Pharmacists are able to educate the public on the correct use of medicines and on the maintenance of health.  They also provide specialized information to doctors, nurses and other health professionals. Pharmacists are utterly involved in every aspect of the preparation and use of medicines, from research and development to eventual supply to a patient. More often than not, a pharmacist is the first person to be consulted by a patient as whether or not a doctor should be visited.
Who is a partner?
According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, a partner is a person that you are doing an activity with. In other words, a partner is someone who is associated or united with others in an activity or sphere of common interest. Pharmacists are quite interested in working with you as your health partner in order for you to experience a healthy life.
What is health?
According to World Health Organization (WHO) health is defined in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
It’s a well-known fact that the first point of call for most patients are the community pharmacies in their neighborhood.  And you will quite agree with me that the first person you often consult about your health challenges is a pharmacist. The pharmacist will decide whether you may visit a doctor or that you can be treated by one of the many remedies available in the pharmacy. In this wise, pharmacists play a big role in the health of individuals and the nation in general, For a healthy country is a productive country which is a result of healthy individuals who are productive.
 In reflection , every smart person is enjoined to have a pharmacist as a friend or as his or her health partner. A good relationship with your pharmacist will significantly enhance your health status. A pharmacist as your health partner will advise you on how and when to take your medicines for maximum effect, how to reduce side effects, how to avoid drug – drug interactions especially for patients taking plenty of drugs ( comorbidity) , food and vegetables to eat while taking medications to prevent untoward drug- food interaction  and the directions of specialized devices such as inhalers, Nebulizers and syringes. In addition, a pharmacist counsels you on the lifestyle modifications and non-pharmacological way of taking good care of your health.
It is a grim fact that pharmacists are authority on drug matters. Pharmacists are drug experts. They know the nitty-gritty of drugs, cosmetics, and other pharmaceutical products. Pharmacists are trained as communicators, counselors, and to work within a code of professional ethics that encompasses their relationship with other health professionals and the public. They have a well-developed sense of responsibility and a keen sense to details. Trust them, open up to them, follow their counsels and they will be in the best position to add value to your health.
It also pertinent for me to state here, that we are in the digital age, where information is readily available through a search on Google or any other search engines. Patients can easily access general information on any diseases but that is the more reason they need specialized information about their health. Your pharmacist is your health information specialist due to his wide knowledge in pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical microbiology and pharmacognosy to give you first-hand information on why, what and how to experience optimum wellness and live a healthy life. I’ve helped many people manage stress, experience optimum wellness and stay healthy with healthy lifestyle tips and with my deep knowledge and rich experience as a drug expert and health coach.
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, safety is the second most important need of man, where health is usually categorized. However, I quite disagree with that; without health, the physiological needs of man are useless. When a man is seriously ill or involves in an accident or going through chronic pains like cancer, he doesn’t care about food, shelter, clothe or sex, what matters most to him at that moment of time is good HEALTH. Nothing more, nothing less. Like I always advise my friends, family, and anyone who cares to listen, health is the ultimate wealth. When our health suffers, every other aspect of our lives is affected; family, finance, spiritual, mental and other facets . A wise man takes good care of his health.
I SALUTE all pharmacists across the world for their selfless service to humanity.
God bless the pharmacy profession.
Sesan Kareem is a pharmacist, author and speaker. He writes from Lagos, Nigeria. www.sesankareem.com
Plot 3, Emmanuel Keshi Street, Magodo, Lagos,   Nigeria. +2348072983163

How to combat fraud in pharmacies and hospitals, by Oladipupo

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Macjob Oladipupo

Macjob Oladipupo is a pharmacist, body language expert, and handwriting/statement analyst. An indigene of Ogun State, he had his secondary education at Federal Government College, Odogbolu, Ogun State before obtaining a B.Pharm degree from University of Ibadan. In this interview with Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis, the language expert reveals how health care practitioners can benefit from body language skills, statement analysis and graphology, as well as why he thinks pharmacy schools should inculcate body language into the curriculum.

Tell us about your work experience

I had my internship at the Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Aro Abeokuta and later served at Specialist Hospital, Bauchi. My official work experience started at JB Pharmaceuticals where I was a medical representative. I later left there for Assene Nigeria Limited, before moving to Novartis Pharmaceuticals, where I eventually resigned as brand manager (Cardio Metabolic Portfolio) for English West Africa. Presently, I am the CEO of Macdiptoy Consulting Limited.

What is the relevance of body language in the health sector?

Body language skill set is relevant to everyone and anyone that agrees to the fact that there is no vaccination against deception. It serves as a conduit in boosting confidence, credibility and career for all and sundry. This is key because at any interview, no one is capable of seeing your heart but your act. Therefore, much more than what you say before prospective employers, how you say what you say is very crucial. Body language skills fine-tune the presentation of the information you deploy on any auspicious occasion.

One cardinal aspect of body language is statement analysis. This is the process of analysing the statement of a friend, family, foe or business associate for deception traces, either in verbal or written statements. The benefit of this to all kinds of relationships and businesses is tremendous. Graphology and body language analysis aids better performance of medical representatives in projecting confidence and credibility before customers which is a valuable skill in closing any sale. This applies to old and new medical reps. It allows first line managers to better understand how to rightly influence their team members and, thus, ultimately helping to meet or exceed the common objective of the organisation.

handwriting.head

Another aspect of body language which is especially relevant to first line managers, HR managers or recruitment officers is handwriting analysis (graphology). Clients learn how to assess and interpret basic personality traits of anyone from a handwriting sample for the purpose of: personality profiling of individuals (e.g prospective employees or in house members of staff); vocational/career guidance/career growth and planning – which is very important in any organisation especially in the health sector; as well as team building and team bonding, especially for first line managers and direct reports. It aids good delegation processes from managers to subordinates.

As a pharmacist, why did you take special interest in body language as a professional service?

Well, I stumbled across a book on it about seven years ago and I began a research on it. After watching a movie titled “Lie to Me”, my desire to get some kind of formal education in the field increased. I discovered early enough that I had good perceptive skills, which really helped me while I was a medical representative and brand manager at Novartis Pharmaceuticals. So, I got certified in the Body Language Institute, United States of America, as the first Nigerian instructor in 2013. I also became a certified member of the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation (AHAF). Ever since, the experience has been fulfilling.

 Some people complain about doctors’ handwriting. As a graphology expert, what is your view?

I assume that you are referring to the legibility of doctor’s handwriting even though they aren’t the only professionals with handwriting that might be difficult to read.

Generally, handwriting reveals the emotional, intellectual and psychological state of anyone at a particular point in time. These qualities, as it were, can be decoded by certain parameters in graphology. A good example, very pertinent to doctors on the average, is the speed of a handwriting sample.

One main characteristic of handwriting with speed is that it does not appear too legible hence difficult to read, particularly if it is in cursive style. However, it is a reflection of the speed of thought of the individual and since the average doctor can be said to be above mediocrity in I.Q, this parameter is a good indicator of someone capable of processing thoughts at a relatively fast rate which shows some good level of intelligence.

Frauds are reported daily in retail pharmacies, hospitals and companies. Can getting acquainted with body language prevent such occurrences?

Yes, it can serve as a mitigation strategy. Currently, our organisation is planning a training package for all community pharmacists during which basic deception detection skills can be learnt with a view to reducing the problem of pilfering to the barest minimum in community pharmacies. This training is also useful to other organisations as well.

Is Nigeria really ripe for innovative measures like body language and graphology?

Yes, I believe the time is ripe now. Most of the Western countries have been using these skills for decades. For example, in France, about 85 per cent of all companies apply graphology as part of their recruitment processes.

Do we have any statistics of practitioners of body language in Nigeria?

Well, the last time I checked, I was still the only certified body language expert from the Body Language Institute in the USA. One of my dreams is to get this training package into the pharmacy school curriculum and business academies where the benefits can be taught to all those who enrol for different courses, perhaps on management and leadership.

With the busy schedule of top executives, how can they manage body language effectively?

It is nothing difficult. It only takes acquiring the necessary skills to be effective and efficient which is one of the things we specialise in at Macdiptoy Consulting Limited.

 How can you be reached for trainings or other professional engagements?

You can contact us through our emails or phone numbers as listed below: info@diptoyconsulting.com or diptoy20m@yahoo.com or call 08185346336 or 08039308226. Our website address is www.diptoyconsulting.com

 

Graphology and pharmacy practice

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By Macjob Oladipupo

In the last edition, we talked about the importance of the baseline, slant and slope as graphological parameters that give insight into the personality of any individual. We shall continue from there in this edition to talk about a few others.

  1. Size: The size of a handwriting is an indication of how tall the writer feels inside and how much recognition he or she needs. Usually those with large or big handwriting are ego conscious. Generally, the size of the handwriting can be small, medium or large. People who write in small letters tend to be more conservative compared with those who write in large sizes. They are also often intelligent because it takes some degree of concentration and focus to write in small letters. The medium size writer is a balance between the small and the large.
  2. Shape: People whose handwriting have most of the letters in the alphabet appearing sharp or angular tend to be more energetic and aggressive in nature. An example is shown below:

On the other hand, those whose handwriting appears rather ‘thready’, that is, you can hardly see the ending letters in words they write, could indicate those with ‘quick minds’ and who are a little impatient with slow learners.

 

 

  1. Space: The space is one of the most important parameters in a handwriting. It reveals a lot about the individual, depending on whether what is considered is the space within letters, between words or between lines. It gives an insight into the distance the writer seeks to establish between himself and others. You can find out someone who is more of an extrovert or introvert just by carefully analysing the spacing between words. People who write in such a way that the spaces between their words are very tight are often those who need attention, affection and approval of others before they can be in their best elements.

 

  1. Margin: In graphological studies, movement to the right of a paper (for example an A4), talks about the future, whereas any movement of the handwriting towards the left gives insight into the past. Depending on the appearance of the handwriting of an individual on paper, we can tell whether or not he feels more comfortable with experiences of the past or prefers to let them go and move forward. Those who write from one end of the page to another without leaving any space at all or giving any considerations to the margin tend to be more hysterical. Such people do not like being given so many rules and regulation that limit their freedom as it were.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Pressure: This expresses energy and vitality of the personality. Pressure is not an indication of physical strength but the amount of psychic energy the individual expends. Light pressure reveals someone sensitive emotionally. Heavy pressure reveals someone dominating, materialistic, and extremely heavy pressure shows signs of frustration and anger. One way of determining the pressure in a handwriting sample is to get the original sample and palpate or feel the back of the handwriting page with your hands.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In the next edition, we shall discuss a little about the trait stroke method of graphology to see what to look out for in a handwriting sample and what it reveals about the personality of the individual. You can’t afford to miss it. Remember that “every stroke of the pen reveals something about a friend”.

(diptoy20m@yahoo.com; 08039308226, SMS only)

 

 

How to curb erectile dysfunction and infertility

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Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and infertility are two major issues generating concerns the world over, and particularly in the Sub-Sahara Africa, where the prevalence of risk factors, such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, is on the increase.

ED could simply be described as a condition, in which a man experiences consistent or recurrent inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection, sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. This is the major sexual dysfunction that affects men.

Infertility, on the other hand, is a health condition common in both males and females. It is the inability to conceive or produce offspring, despite having regular unprotected sex. It occurs when a poor reproductive system impairs the ability of the body to perform necessary functions of reproduction.

Contrary to the misconception that ED is an age-related condition, a Consultant Urologist at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, recently explained that erectile dysfunction has nothing to do with old age.

Defining ED or impotency as a state where a man cannot get an erection to have sex or cannot keep an erection long enough to finish having sex, she added that it is not necessarily a symptom of old age, as older men should still be able to get an erection for sexual pleasure.

The urologist listed some of the risk factors that can cause ED to include diabetes, which is high blood sugar; hypertension, which is high blood pressure; atherosclerosis, which is the narrowing of the arteries that take blood to the male organs; excessive alcohol intake; excessive smoking; and drug abuse can lead to erectile dysfunction.

Abolarinwa, therefore advised men to keep their blood sugar and blood pressure under control to prevent erectile dysfunction.

In addition to the highlighted causes of ED, Dr Anna Cole, a clinical psychologist with Mental Health Foundation, said psychological issues and problems in relationship with a sexual partner could also cause erectile dysfunction.

Feeling nervous about sex, feeling depressed and feeling stressed, including stress from work or family situations could degenerate to ED, she noted.

Also, a new research published in Science Alert with the title, “Erectile Dysfunction and Hypertension among Adult Males in Umudike, Nigeria: A Study of Prevalence and Relationships”, found it that ED affects approximately half of men of over 40 years of age and results in an inevitable loss of quality of life of the sufferer and his partner.

As regards the link between ED and infertility, Dr Michael Roizen, Medical Director of Internal Medicine, said ED and infertility are very different terms, noting that a man may be producing perfectly good sperm, but having trouble with his erection, which is what he termed ED. On the other hand, he explained that a man may have no trouble raising the rifle, but he is shooting blank, that he called infertility.

A man’s fertility generally relies on the quantity and quality of his sperm, if the number of sperm a man ejaculates is low or if the sperm are of a poor quality, it will be difficult, and sometimes impossible, for him to cause a pregnancy. Conversely, a woman’s fertility can be measured through various means, like the regularity of the menstrual cycle, among other things.

Dr Franklin Meme, a gynaecologist with the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Yenagoa, Bayelsa, said evaluation of women infertility could be done through blood tests, ultrasound examinations of the ovaries or an ovulation home test kit.”

“An irregular menstrual pattern would make us suspect an ovulation problem, but it is also possible for a woman with regular periods to have an ovulation disorder,” he stressed.

He identified conditions such as polyps; adenomyosis; an abnormal uterus; fibroid; sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); as some of the major causes of infertility in women.

 Statistics on erectile dysfunction in Nigeria

Accurate statistics are lacking on how many men are affected by infertlity, but some doctors estimate that about half of men aged 40 to 70 have frequent problems achieving or maintaining an erection. The number of men with erectile dysfunction is low for those under the age of 40, but it increases with age.

 Causes of erectile dysfunction

  • Circulatory problems: An erection occurs when the penis fills with blood and a valve at the base of the penis traps it. Diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol, clots, and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) can all interfere with this process. Such circulatory problems are the number one cause of erectile dysfunction.
  • Peyronie’s disease: This disease causes fibres and plaques to appear in the genitals, interrupting blood flow.
  • Cancer: Cancer can interfere with nerves or arteries that are vital to erection.
  • Surgery: Surgery to the pelvis, and especially prostate surgery for prostate cancer, can damage the nerves and arteries that are required to gain and maintain an erection.
  • Spinal cord or pelvic injury: The nerves that stimulate erection can be cut by injury to them.
  • Hormonal disorders: A lack of testosterone (male hormone or androgen) can result from testicular failure, pituitary gland problems, or certain medications.
  • Depression: This condition is a common cause of erectile dysfunction. Depression is a physical disorder as well as a psychiatric one, and it can have physical effects. This may be true even if you feel comfortable in a sexual situation.
  • Alcoholism: Chronic alcoholism can produce erectile dysfunction, even if there is no alcohol in the blood at the time of sex.
  • Smoking: Smoking cigarettes causes constriction of blood vessels. This may decrease blood flow to the penis, causing erectile dysfunction.
  • Performance anxiety: Most men have had erection problems at some point due to worrying about performing well during sexual intercourse. If this happens often, the anticipation of sex can trigger nervous reactions that prevent erection, setting up a vicious cycle.
  • Situational psychological problems: Some men have problems only in certain situations or with certain people. In troubled relationships, men may be unable to achieve erection with their partner but have no problem away from home.
  • Sexual aversion: Being repelled by sex is rare. It is most common in people who suffered child abuse and those who have been brought up in strict religious surroundings. Aversion can also exist in homosexual or bisexual people who attempt to lead a heterosexual life against their basic inclinations.
  • Drugs: The following can cause erectile dysfunction:
  1. alcohol
  2. antianxiety medications
  3. anticancer medications
  4. cocaine
  5. estrogen
  6. ganglionic and adrenergic (beta) blockers
  7. MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants
  8.  narcotic pain relievers
  9. narcotics
  10. medications prescribed to control high blood pressure
  11. sedatives

 

Symptoms and complications of erectile dysfunction

A man may sometimes have erections, (e.g., when he wakes up in the morning), but be is unable to get an erection during sex with his partner. This is often a sign of a psychological problem that may or may not have to do with that particular relationship.

If a man had regular erections in the past, but suddenly begins to have problems getting an erection, there’s a chance that it’s a nerve or hormonal problem, a circulatory problem, or the effect of alcohol, drugs, or medicine.

If a man still gets erections but they’re not as hard or long lasting as in the past, it’s quite likely that a circulatory problem is causing the dysfunction.

If surgery or injury is involved, the sufferer may already know what’s causing the erectile dysfunction. A doctor should be consulted about possible solutions.

While erectile dysfunction is inevitably going to cause some anxiety, it’s vital for sufferers to keep their relationship with their partner or spouse as regular as possible until a solution can be found. Modern medicine and therapeutic techniques can help over 90 per cent of erection problems.

 Diagnosing erectile dysfunction

To find out what’s causing erection problems, a doctor will begin by asking about other medical conditions the man might have, what medications he’s taking, when his erection problems occur, and what form they take.

Standardised questionnaires or surveys about erectile function and the satisfaction of sexual intercourse may be used to identify the nature of erectile dysfunction. Blood pressure tests and tests of hormone levels are standard.

There are tests that aim to distinguish between psychological, nervous, and circulatory causes. One is the nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) test. A measuring device is attached to the penis to monitor erections during sleep. Men without physical disorders usually have erections during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.

Several devices, including a Doppler radar, can track blood flow in and out of the penis and identify circulatory problems.

Treatment of erectile dysfunction

There’s a wide range of treatments for erectile dysfunction. Some are pills, and others are injections or devices that should be used just before sex. There are also treatments involving surgery.

Medications for erectile dysfunction include phosphodiesterase inhibitors, prostaglandins, and testosterone.

  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: This class of medications includes sildenafil,* tadalafil, and vardenafil. They work by inhibiting an enzyme called phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5). This enzyme normally breaks down a molecule called cGMP. Inhibiting the enzyme makes more cGMP available, which leads to relaxation of smooth muscles in the penis, allowing more blood to enter and helping to produce an erection. These medications are taken before sex and will cause an erection only when the man is sexually stimulated. The time the dose should be taken and how long the effects last depend on the medication used. The most common side effect of these medications is a headache. However, there is a potential for certain dangerous drug interactions. Anyone taking this medication must let his doctor know about any medications he’s on, and especially if he’s taking nitrates (e.g., nitroglycerin spray, nitroglycerin pills, or nitroglycerin patch) for heart problems.

 

  • Prostaglandins (alprostadil): Alprostadil can be injected into the penis or inserted as a pellet through the urethra. It causes an erection that usually lasts about 60 minutes. The danger with this method is that too high a dose can cause priapism, an erection that won’t go away. This condition can cause serious bruising, bleeding, and pain. Once the doctor is sure of the right dose, the man can self-inject at home. Some doctors may prescribe a combination of alprostadil with additional ingredients such as phentolamine to help the medication work more effectively. This mixture is prepared by the pharmacy according to the directions of the prescribing doctor. It is injected into the penis before sex.

 

  • Testosterone: This is only useful for people with specific disorders like hypogonadism (small testicles) that result in lower than normal amounts of testosterone in the blood stream. Testosterone increases interest in sex, as well as erections. Common non-medication ways of treating erectile dysfunction include vacuum devices and penile implants.

 

  • Vacuum devices: This involves placing a tube over the penis, forming an airtight seal around the base. By pumping air out of the tube, blood can be drawn into the penis. Placing a ring around the base of the penis will maintain the erection.

 

  • Penile implants: This treatment involves permanent implantation of flexible rods or similar devices into the penis. Simple versions have the disadvantage of giving the user a permanent erection. The latest (and most expensive) device consists of inflatable rods activated by a tiny pump and switch in the scrotum. Squeezing the scrotum stiffens the penis, whether the person is aroused or not. The penis itself remains flaccid, however, so the diameter and length are usually less than a natural erection, and hardness is lacking, although it’s sufficient for intercourse.

 Prevention of erectile dysfunction

There are two broad categories that the causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) fall into physical and physiological.

Physical health problems are the most likely cause of erectile dysfunction as earlier mentioned, particularly in older males. Common chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure are often associated with ED and therefore, a healthy lifestyle is the best way to avoid ED.

For younger men, ED is often related to anxiety, stress or psychological trauma due to a distressing sexual experience.

Pills such as Viagra can help a man overcome psychological obstacles and give him confidence that everything is working perfectly. However, for older men, consulting a doctor can be an important step towards uncovering and treating underlying physical causes.

 Get healthy!

The seven top tips to achieve better health, both physical and physiological, are:

  • Lose weight: if you are in the overweight bracket, the excess weight may be putting your cardiovascular system under strain;
  • Quit smoking: this affects blood flow and neuro-signals which normally ensure correct blood flow into the penis;
  • Avoid drinking too much alcohol (no more than two drinks a day);
  • Maintain a balanced diet;
  • Control and monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol levels;
  • Be physically active: just 30min per day can improve your blood flow, state of mind and stress levels;
  • Reduce stress and get enough sleep (at least seven hours a night).

In most cases, blood vessel deterioration is the main cause of erectile dysfunction, so you want to make sure that your blood vessels are in good condition to allow normal blood flow. Depending on the state of your health, taking pills might not always prove the most effective solution.

 Beware of diabetes

Diabetes is risk factor for erectile dysfunction that is often overlooked. The damage caused to the blood vessels by abnormal blood sugar levels can, in the long run, result in ED.

Type 2 diabetes stems primarily from unhealthy diet and lack of exercise (yet another reason to maintain a healthy lifestyle to prevent ED).

 Erectile dysfunction in young men

Young men often suffer from “performance anxiety, which can result in erectile dysfunction. Being psychologically healthy does not require you to have nerves of steel. It’s simply important to be open with your feelings, and it may be beneficial to express and discuss how you feel.

Seeking help from a sexual health expert can prove very effective, especially to work through relationship issues or anxiety, both of which may result in ED. You should note that, while recreational drugs and low levels of testosterone are not directly responsible for erectile dysfunction, they may well affect a man’s sexual drive.

Old or young, remember that it is normal to experience engine failure”once in a while. Look for diversity and new experiences with your partner so that you can focus on present pleasure again rather than reviewing past failures.

Pills or emotional support?

When your confidence is at stake, taking pills such as Viagra can help you to realise that there is no problem with the engine and give you that confidence boost.

However, if you are facing bigger issues, then expert help and knowing fully what you are dealing with can help relieve your fear and anxiety.

This will help you to find out the real causes of the problem too, which will help you reach the best solution for you.

If you feel too embarrassed to raise the topic with your doctor, you can use our online services to directly contact one of our GPs. They can assess the causes of your ED and suggest a treatment that fits your needs.

 Relationship issues and erectile dysfunction

While you are working out the causes of your problem or being treated, it’s fundamental that you focus on your relationship.

Couples who have difficulties communicating on both sexual and heart matters are more likely to develop issues related to intimacy and sex. Talking about your feelings and anxieties, although this may sound difficult, is crucial: your partner needs to understand how you feel and what you need.

Just remember, if you are having problems with your impotence, your partner will be affected by this too. There is nothing to lose by talking about it; so it’s often beneficial to be pro-active by raising the issue and then working through it together. You may well find yourself addressing broader issues in your life, which can also improve your mood and relationship.

 Erectile dysfunction exercises

A recent research by the University of the West of England, Bristol, suggests that erectile dysfunction exercises may be a very effective way of improving your erections. Similar to the pelvic floor exercises recommended to women after childbirth, these exercises involve clenching the muscles you use to control urination.

Pelvic floor exercises have long been known to help patients with incontinence. The study conducted by a team of scientists in Bristol involved participants who had been suffering from erectile dysfunction for at least six months. 40 per cent of participants reported that they regained their erectile function within 3 to 6 months. A further 35 per cent reported, that they noticed a significant improvement to their condition.

The scientists from Bristol compared the effectiveness of these exercises to that of Viagra and believe regularly exercising your pelvic floor muscles may be the best way of preventing erectile dysfunction. The exercises train the muscles surrounding your penis, which improves the blood flow and improves your ability to gain and keep an erection.

Physical exercise – how sport can help

Exercising regularly is a great way to improve the state of your general health and boost your performance. A series of prolonged bad habits can damage the tissue responsible for erections over the years.

When combined with a healthier lifestyle, regular physical activity can contribute to improving your blood flow and restore your ability to get erections. All you need to do is to maintain a regular activity, even if it’s just 30 minutes a day, to improve your blood pressure, blood flow, cardio and overall health. Even walking is a good option, although it’s better to practice a sport or do some hard exercise to push yourself!

In addition, it’s important to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. This is a great long-term prevention strategy for erectile dysfunction.

However, there is one sport you may want to avoid: cycling. Long-term and long hours of outdoors cycling can damage the nerves in your pelvic area which control erections. Indoors cycling is much less hazardous as the seat is generally wider and less prone to damaging your body.

 Statistics of infertile women in Nigeria

Infertility affects nearly 25 per cent of couples in Nigeria and experts claim that 40 to 45 per cent of all consultations in gynaecological clinics are infertility-related.

 There are two types of infertility:

  • Primary infertility: where a woman who has never conceived a child in the past has difficulty conceiving and;
  • Secondary infertility: where a mother who has had one or more pregnancies in the past, is having difficulty conceiving again.

 Causes of infertility

There are many causes of infertility. Common causes of infertility in women include lack of regular ovulation (the monthly release of an egg), blockage of the fallopian tubes, age and endometriosis.

 

Treatment options for infertility

Infertility can be treated with therapies such as medication or surgery. The most common types of fertility treatments available include:

  1. Medical treatment for lack of regular ovulation
  2. Surgical procedures, such as treatment for endometriosis
  3. Assisted conception, which may be intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)

There are numerous clinics and medical centres in Nigeria that can help couples having difficulty conceiving children. The cost for fertility treatments varies, with IVF treatments costing between N800,000 and N1,000,000.

Note that while some couples find it easy to get pregnant quickly, it can take longer for others. However, if you have been unable to conceive after one year of trying, it’s time to consult your doctor or medical provider.

 

Compiled by Temitope Obayendo with information from Science Alert; Health Bridge Limited; WebMD; The Daily Independent Newspapers.

 

Poor sales almost drove me out of community pharmacy – Pharm. Sunmonu

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In this exclusive interview with Pharmanews, Pharm. Ismail Kola Sunmonu, managing director of Caratiyah Pharmacy, argues that the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) has not done much in rescuing the practice from the hands of the charlatans. He also spoke on the issue of chain pharmacy outlets and how it can be used to the advantage of Nigerians. Excerpts:

Pharm. Ismail Kola Sunmonu
Pharm. Ismail Kola Sunmonu

 

 Briefly tell us about your background

I was born in Akoka Lagos State a little less than four decades ago, precisely on 28 January. I had my primary education at the National Primary School, Abule-Ijesha, Yaba, Lagos (1984-1989). My secondary education started at St. Timothy’s College Onike-Yaba but was completed at Ikeja High School in 1995. From there, I proceeded to Yaba College of Technology where I obtained a National Diploma in Computer Science before going to study Pharmacy at the University of Lagos (1999/2000 session). I’m currently a part 2 student of the West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists. I am happily married with children.

 

Tell us about your pharmacy, when did you establish it and how was it at the beginning?

Destiny, perhaps, led me to community pharmacy practice. I say that because I initially fell in love with hospital pharmacy practice as I saw it at the National Orthopaedic Hospital Igbobi, where I had my internship training. I later settled for a brief hospital practice at a private hospital after my NYSC. This gave me a good exposure to drug procurement and brought me in contact with the sales representatives of many pharmaceutical companies.

However, the decision to start Caratiyah Pharmacy was taken in year 2009 after an old friend (a pharmacologist) offered to sell a troubled business premises to me. I bought over the failed wholesale premises to start a retail pharmacy business. But to be honest with you, I contemplated quitting many times due to poor sales at the beginning. However, with words of encouragement from mentors like Pharm. Deji Osinoiki, Pharm. M. O. Sanusi and Pharm. Fred Oduwole, I was able to weather the storm.

 What is your assessment of community pharmacy practice in this part of the country?

My assessment of community pharmacy practice in this part of the country, on a scale of ten, is four. Maybe with the exception of a few pharmacies that have moved a little above six, especially those pharmacies in high-brow areas that cater mainly to the rich. Coverage is still nothing to write home about, with places like Epe and Badagry left to the mercy of patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs).

Nearly half of all the registered community pharmacists in the country are jostling for unavailable spaces in the Lagos metropolis with poor sales driving most of them into ‘register and go’ and sometimes, outright fronting for businessmen who later graduate to join the train at the open drug markets.

Still, I believe community pharmacy practice is a goldmine for pharmacists, majority of who do not even know the worth of they have. Sadly, the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) has not helped much as it appears to have lost a good part of its birthright to NAFDAC. One can only hope that with the commitment of the present registrar, coupled with the revolutionary ideas of great minds like Pharm. Bukky George, Pharm. Shina Opanubi and the relentless efforts of the Lagos PIC, things will get better.

 What will you say are the major challenges facing community pharmacists in Nigeria at the moment?

The challenges facing community pharmacists today are so many but the major ones include poor access to funds. Even where the funds are available by way of bank loans, they come with crippling double-digit interest rates of not less than 22 per cent. There is also lack of political will to implement existing pharmacy laws. Some people argue that the laws are outdated but my position is, within the limits of the powers vested in PCN, how many of the present laws have been implemented to the letter? This will lead me to mention the challenges that arise from vested interests from other professionals like doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists and others, who believe that the drug business should be open to all without recourse to strict adherence to professionalism.

 How lucrative is community pharmacy practice in this area?

I maintain that community pharmacy practice is quite lucrative and can only get better when importers and manufacturers find a way of allowing beautiful packages and good credit facilities to trickle down to the retailers rather than lock up huge sums of money in the hands of unregistered practitioners in the open drug markets.

 The retail chain pharmacy concept is becoming more popular by the day, how do you see this development?

Chain pharmacy is a welcome development if, and only if, they abide by the existing laws guiding pharmacy practice and the government is able to use the chains to solve the problem of health coverage by encouraging the chains to move into the hinterlands and rural areas.

 You had some objectives when you established your pharmacy, how many of these objectives have you achieved so far?

My main objective really was to positively affect the health outcome of my immediate community through the provision of quality pharmaceutical care and sales of affordable medicines and pharmaceuticals without necessarily running a charity home. To God be the glory, I can say with all sense of modesty that community practice is most gratifying as it gives a lot of job fulfillment. The financial gains are not enough yet but I believe it can only get better. I also hope to entrench and spread the gospel of good pharmacy practice among the middle and low income earners, from where we can gradually save up money to join the big players at the top.

 

What can you say about general happenings in the Nigerian health care sector?

The health care sector in Nigeria is still very primitive with the players playing down professionalism and quality service, while running after common product medicines, to which they all tie services both delivered and undelivered. This singular fact is what has affected the implementation of the NHIS and that is why some doctors find it difficult to do away with the fraud called “global capitation.”

 A major challenge facing pharmacy profession in Nigeria is the problem of fake drugs. How best do you think this can be handled?

The problem of fake drugs in Nigeria is one that can be tackled when the major regulatory bodies, i.e. PCN and NAFDAC, decide to work together for the benefit of Nigerians. While NAFDAC should strengthen its resolve to checkmate faking of products within and outside the country by constant monitoring and adequate audit trial of products, the PCN should wake up from its slumber and ensure that there is little or no space for unlicensed manufacturers and drug sellers to operate.

PCN officials should carry their crusade into hospitals that sell drugs without recourse to registration. They should also publish an annual list of registered pharmacists in the country and their respective places of work.

Our schools of Pharmacy should equally assist in building integrity in our graduates so they don’t leave school to hang their licences in illegal drug outlets for peanuts. I believe that with the right synergy between the two key institutions (NAFDAC and the PCN), and the right attitude on the part of all stakeholders, fake drugs will gradually disappear from our environment.

 

PCN, BOF, PMG-MAN, laud Ohuabunwa at 65 – As former Neimeth boss launches two books

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It was a gathering of pharmacists, diplomats, government functionaries and other eminent personalities, as Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa, former Chief Executive Officer of Neimeth Pharmaceuticals Plc and chairman of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group marked his 65th birthday.

Mazi book Launch
L-R: Prof. Anya O. Anya, president of Ndigbo Lagos; Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa, birthday celebrant cum author; his wife, Stella; and the Rt. Rev. James Odedeji, Bishop of Lagos West Diocese, (Anglican Communion) during the book launch

The colourful ceremony which took place at Sheba Events Centre, Ikeja, Lagos on 17 August, 2015 had in attendance, Prof Anya O. Anya, President of Ndigbo Lagos; Dr Christopher Kolade, former chairman of the Subsidy Re-Investment Programme (SURE-P); Mrs Stella Ohuabunwa, wife of the author; and Bishop of Lagos West, Anglican Communion, Rt Rev James Odedeji and Sir Peter Obi, former governor of Anambra State in attendance.

Speaking on the personality of the celebrant, Obi described him as a man of virtue who has done remarkably well for both himself and his country.

Pharm. Bruno Nwankwo, chairman, Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) shared the same opinion.

“As for the celebrant, I will say that he is a very vibrant Nigerian and a successful pharmacist. A good student who makes the best use of every opportunity and also believes in sharing, he is the sort of man we in pharmacy cherish a lot,” he said.

Pharm. Ade Popoola, chairman, PSN Board of Fellows described Ohuabunwa as a trailblazer in the pharmacy profession.

“He is one of the most visible pharmacists we have around who is living to the standard. We are here to rejoice with him. On behalf of the board (because he is a member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria too), I wish him a happy birthday and more years,” he remarked.

According to Dr Lolu Ojo, immediate past national chairman of the Nigerian Association of Industrial Pharmacists (NAIP), ‘Mazi’ has become a brand that is synonymous with Sam Ohuabunwa.

He explained that the celebrant has excelled in many ways, and not just in the pharmacy profession.

“He has been virtually everything from being President of the Economic Summit, to being President of the Nigerian-American Chamber of Commerce and President of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN),” Ojo said, adding that “Mazi is a man to be emulated. He is a mentor. I am happy to be invited because I believe he has such a catchment that is so big that people like us might not make the list. But his invitation shows that he considers us important.”

Mazi Sam Ohuabunwa studied Pharmacy at the University of Ife, graduating in 1976. He further had a postgraduate training in Business and Organisational Management at the Columbia University, United States. He joined Pfizer Products Plc in 1978 as a sales representative and rose to become the chairman/CEO in 1993.

In 1997, he led the management buy-over of Pfizer Inc shares in Pfizer Products Plc, transforming the resultant company – Neimeth International Pharmaceuticals Plc – into a medium-sized Nigerian R&D Based Pharmaceutical company. He voluntarily retired after 33 years of service in the industry, 18 years of which were at CEO level.

Ohuabunwa is a fellow of several Professional Organisations, including the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (FPSN); the Nigeria Academy of Pharmacy (FNAPharm); the West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (FPCPharm); the Nigerian Institute of Management (FNIM); the National Institute of Marketing of Nigeria (FNIMN); the Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (FNIPR); and the Institute of Management Consultants (FIMC).

A founder of the Sam Ohuabunwa Foundation for Economic Empowerment (SOFEE) in 2009, he equally serves as the Managing Consultant of Starteam Consult, as well as being on the board of several organizations.

A Knight of Saint Christopher (KSC) of the Anglican Communion, the pharmacy icon serves as national coordinator of Strategic Operations of the Full Gospel Business Fellowship International. He was honoured as a Member of the Order of the Niger (MON), in 2001, and an Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), in 2011.

Sharing his opinion on the celebrant, Varkey Verghese, vice chairman of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Group of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (PMG-MAN) and managing director of Jawa Group of companies described him as an embodiment of greatness.

“I have known Sam for the past 15 years and ever since I came in contact with him, I have found him to be a great personality and patriotic Nigerian. He always encourages entrepreneurship and support for local industries. That is what I like most about him,” he said.

Corroborating his view, Pharm. Chibuike Agaruwa, chief executive officer of Euromed Limited disclosed that Ohuabunwa was his classmate and professional colleague.

“We enrolled for Pharmacy at the same time in September 1972 at the University of Ife. I have known him to be forthright, intelligent and exuberant. He is always dedicated to the cause he believes in. I have no doubt that the best has not come out of him yet…Sam has combined his natural intellect with the wisdom of God. No doubt, he will continue to make tremendous progress in his lifetime,” he said.

During the event, the celebrant introduced two new books he recently published – Sam Ohuabunwa’s Paradigm: Thoughts on Contemporary National Issues and The Port Harcourt Volunteer.

The first book, Sam Ohuabunwa’s Paradigm: Thoughts on Contemporary National Issues is a compendium of selected recent articles and presentations by the author in what he calls his writing ministry.

The Port-Harcourt Volunteer is essentially the story of the Nigerian political crisis which started with the January 1966 military coup and culminated in the Nigeria Civil War (1967–1970).

It would be recalled that the author had published three similar works in the past: Preventing Business Failure, Nigeria: Need for the Evolution of a New Nation and Economic Empowerment in God’s People.

Also in attendance at the event were Pharm. Ifeanyi Atueyi, managing director of Pharmanews Limited; Pharm. Lawrence Anyafulu, a PSN Fellow; Pharm. (Mrs) Stella Okoli, group managing director of Emzor Pharmaceuticals; Pharm. Ike Onyechi, managing director of Alpha Pharmacy; Dr Femi Olugbile, former chief medical director in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH); Pharm. Lere Baale, director of Business School of Netherlands and Pharm. (Dr) Lawrence Ifebigh, managing director of Ladith Pharmaceutical Company.

 

 

I struggled to start B.Pharm programme at Unibadan – Prof. Okpako

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In this exclusive interview with Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis, seasoned pharmacologist, Professor David T. Okpako reveals his harrowing experience while attempting to pioneer Pharmacy programme at the University of Ibadan. He also discloses the place and scope of herbal remedies in today’s society. Excerpts:

 Tell us a bit about yourself, especially your early days

My actual date of birth is unknown. But I believe it was sometime around 22 November, 1936. I started primary school a bit late in my village Owahwa, in Ughelli South LGA, Delta State, at about nine years of age. I completed it in about four years (1944-1948). After my secondary education at Urhobo College, Effurun, I entered the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology, Ibadan for my A-Level GCE and Diploma in Pharmacy course (1956-1960)

When did you officially start practising Pharmacy?

I became a registered Nigerian pharmacist in 1960 and started out as junior pharmacist with the University College Hospital, Ibadan (1960-1961). I applied for further studies in London and Bradford Universities in the UK, culminating in a Ph.D in Pharmacology (Bradford) in December 1967 and a post-doctoral MRC fellowship at the University College, London, under the great Heinz Schild, FRS (1967-1968).

How did you find yourself in academia?

I took up an appointment as lecturer in Pharmacology at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba (1968-1969). In October 1969, I moved to the University of Ibadan where I was subsequently promoted to the rank of Professor of Pharmacology in 1977. Afterward I became both a Professor and Head of Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the College of Medicine, from 1978 to 1981. I was also the coordinator of pharmacy programme at the University of Ibadan (1979– 1983), a move that later led to the establishment of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan in 1983.

Can you confidently say studying Pharmacy was a good decision for you?

I had a crack at the tough University College Ibadan (UCI )entrance examination to study Medicine in 1955 but failed. Pharmacy was more like a matter of Providence than a personal decision. I knew virtually nothing about Pharmacy when I left school. But in retrospect, I can say I am glad that I studied Pharmacy and the opportunities it offered me to end up as an academic.

What was the profession like in your day compared to today’s practice?

My one year sojourn as hospital pharmacist at UCH Ibadan (1960-1961) under Chief Callisto (chief pharmacist) and an English woman called Avis Jackson (later Mrs Fox) was a very remarkable experience. I spent most of my time in the basement of the pharmacy department where we made large quantities of lotions, ointments and mixtures. Mist mag trisiliacate with or without tincture of Belladonna was popular. We made gallons of the stuff which were lifted upstairs for dispensing.

I also worked in the sterile products room downstairs. There, we had huge glass stills and autoclaves that enabled us to make all the deionised water needed for Injection BP and all intravenous transfusion fluids needed in the hospital. Samples of each batch were tested for sterility by the Department of Bacteriology before the batch was released for general use with the pharmacist batch manufacturer identified. Most hospitals now use pre-packaged products. I have very little experience in pharmacy practice in general.

As professor of Pharmacology, do you agree with the school of thought that says herbaceutical is still an untapped niche in the health sector?

I suspect that by “herbaceutical” you mean “herbal remedies” and that you are referring to remedies that have been known to, and used by Nigerian traditional communities from the beginning of time. Well, I believe that herbal remedies have continued to play a vital role in health care delivery in our communities. In recent years, many Nigerians of different persuasions have made successful businesses out of selling herbal products, some of them claiming to have NAFDAC approval.

 

Is it an acceptable practice?

I think this is perfectly in order, provided the product can be shown to be safe in the recommended dosages. This is not different from granting a licence to proprietary medicine sellers who are not qualified to operate as doctors or pharmacists.

 Do you have reservations against such practice?

What I would object to are exaggerated claims of successes in the long term use of herbal preparations to treat diseases that the dealers themselves cannot diagnose or which pathology they do not fully understand; and persuading the public to buy those products on the basis of such claims.

They (herbal medicine dealers) claim that their use of herbal remedy is based on its use in Traditional African medicine (TAM); but they also claim to have removed the fetishes that surrounded its use in former times – that they have modernised TAM! The truth is that the so-called fetishes actually encode the theory of TAM. It is like accepting drug-use but not pharmacological theory! (see my recently published book on this subject. It is called “Science Interrogating Belief – Bridging the Old and Modern Traditions of Medicine in Africa” 2015).

The use of herbal remedies in convenient formulations such as tablets and capsules or even injections is completely different from the pattern in which they were used in TAM. Therefore, their long term safety cannot be guaranteed. Contrary to the usual argument, herbs have been used for centuries in African medicine and therefore they must be safe.

 Were there some major controversies, scandals and other disturbing issues in your day that you still vividly recall?

The most harrowing experience in my career as a pharmacist was setting up a B.Pharm programme at the University of Ibadan which had the oldest medical school in Nigeria. I am talking about a well established Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and a large Department of Pharmacy at its nearby teaching hospital which would enable clinical (patient-oriented) pharmacy to be the major focus in a B.Pharm programme. Dr (now Professor) ‘Fola Tayo and I thought that the conditions in Ibadan were ripe for the initiation of a degree programme in Pharmacy to complete the study of drug in all its ramifications.

In 1978, the newly elected dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Professor Oluwole Akande, having reached the same idea, invited me as Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics to see if Pharmacy could be a constituent part of the new College of Medicine – being then contemplated.

Did it work?

Well, Tayo and I made some recommendations, and the Faculty of Medicine approved them on 19 February, 1979. A Pharmacy Programme Task Force was subsequently constituted. It consisted of the following distinguished pharmacists: Prof E. O. Ogunlana, dean, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ife; Professor V. O. Marquis, head, Department of Pharmacology, University of Ife; Dr Philip Emafo, federal director of pharmaceutical services, Lagos; Mr Callisto, chief pharmacist, University College Hospital, Ibadan; Dr F. M. Tayo, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan; Dr Kunle Opakunle, Vita-Link Pharmaceutical Industries, and Professor D. T. Okpako, Convener and Chairman.

What was the function of that committee?

The Task Force recommended the establishment of a Department of Pharmacy consisting of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy which in addition to the existing Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics would initiate a degree programme in Pharmacy. The Faculty of Medicine accepted this recommendation and in August 1980, the senate approved a three-year programme of instruction leading to the Bachelor of Pharmacy of the University of Ibadan. I was named coordinator of the pharmacy programme. The first batch of 25 students (most of them A-Level, some of them first degree holders) were admitted to commence the programme in October of that year, while we embarked on staff recruitment and construction of laboratory facilities.

I then wrote to the Pharmacists Board of Nigeria (PBN, now Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, PCN) informing it of the actions taken by the University of Ibadan and requesting guidelines on how to proceed from there. That was when our problems started.

What sort of problems?

For more than six months, we heard nothing from the PBN. In fact, it seemed that there were no existing guidelines. I am almost certain we were the first pharmacy school in Nigeria to be served these new guidelines: that for B.Pharm graduates to be registered to practise in Nigeria, the institution from which they graduate must be a Faculty of Pharmacy, headed by a pharmacist dean, and comprising at least four departments, each headed by a pharmacist of senior lecturer grade. This was despite the fact that all the B.Pharm programmes as of that time in Ife, Zaria, Benin and Nsukka had all started as departments of pharmacy and grew into faculties! The PBN guidelines came as a shock to the University of Ibadan and an embarrassment to us who initiated the programme.

How bad was the situation?

I was accused of misleading the university into accepting students into a programme about which I knew nothing! Calls came from the floor of the senate that the programme should be scrapped and the students sent to Ife or Benin. In the Faculty (later College) of Medicine itself, opposition and scepticism about the pharmacy programme had begun to mount. Ibadan was well recognised for its medical school, not pharmacy for which Ife was famous.

How was the whole tension doused?

Fortunately we had the full support from the then Vice Chancellor, University of Ibadan, Professor Olayide and the Provost, College of Medicine, Professor Akande. While we were struggling to satisfy the PBN guidelines, senior pharmacists, including some who had served on the aforesaid Task Force that recommended the Ibadan programme in the first place, were castigating us. One high ranking pharmacist announced in a public forum in Lagos that Ibadan was embarking on an illegal programme not approved by the PBN! Instead of encouragement from the PBN, what we got was hostility, and this was reflected in the tone of the various PBN accreditation visitation reports. We did receive accreditation eventually, but it was a harrowing experience.

What is your view about pharmacists in politics?

Nigerian pharmacists are like other Nigerian professionals. There is nothing in the code of ethics that bars those so inclined from active participation in party politics. However, for the sake of the noble profession’s image, pharmacist politicians must bring characteristic integrity and honesty to the game!

How best do you think the issue of fake drugs can be curbed?

NAFDAC must know best what the problems are. But it is obvious that if Nigerian pharmaceutical manufacturers could produce locally the drugs that are most frequently “faked”, that will help. Local production will ensure that quality assurance and good manufacturing practices are adhered to by NAFDAC for such products. In this regard, it is sad that certain WHO bureaucracies prefer to license the production of anti-malarial artemisinin combination drugs to foreign companies.

What were your key involvements in pharmaceutical activities?

Education is my concern. I was fortunate to play a leading role in the founding of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, and after retirement from Ibadan, I became the pioneer dean, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka. I consider these to be significant contributions to national development.

Are there some major awards given to you in recognition of your selfless service?

They include: Fellow of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (FPSN), Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (FRPharmS), in recognition of my contribution to the profession of pharmacy.

I am particularly proud of the awards of excellence from the Faculties of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan and Delta State University, Abraka. I have also been elected to fellowships of other bodies such as Chartered Biologist, Fellow of Society of Biology, UK, CBiol, FSB); Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science (FAS), and Fellow of the African Academy of Science (FAAS)

 As an elder in the pharmacy profession, what is your advice to young pharmacists?

Find a niche in which you can make an original contribution (regardless of how small that niche may appear to be) to the best of your ability.

 

 

 

Dangers of processed foods

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Sir Atueyi

Advances in science and technology have affected every area of life, including the food we consume. Today’s trend is to drift from the foods God has provided for us to chemically processed foods. The result is often breakdown of our body systems, which inevitably attracts debilitating diseases and premature death.

In our human wisdom, we think we can make better what God created and gave us to eat as nourishment to the body which He also created. When God created things, both living and non-living, He certified them ‘good’. In other words, they were perfect, and no created person can make it better.

The food we eat is key to good health. But because we want to gratify the desires of our flesh, we have departed from God’s way and turned to our own way. The Bible says in Hosea 4:6, “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge.

Diseases and premature death are ravaging mankind today because we are deviating from God’s ways, violating His natural laws and misapplying our intelligence. As we deviate from natural foods and natural ways of preparing and preserving them and go towards artificial or synthetic processes, we shall continue to suffer from known and emerging diseases, age fast and die prematurely.

Again, in our human wisdom, the pharmaceutical industry embarks on mass production of various chemical formulations and we load our bodies with these chemicals God did not put in the human body when He created it. The body systems get more disorganised with these strange or foreign chemicals. This is an abuse or defilement of the body. 2 Corinthians 7:1 says, “Let us purify ourselves from everything that contaminates body and spirit, perfecting holiness out of reverence for God.

The pharmaceutical industry will continue to flourish as long as we consume genetically modified foods, boxed, canned, jarred, and refrigerated foods. These foods are processed to make them look more attractive, to be instantly prepared, to have longer shelf life and for convenience. The industry will continue to search for new and more effective medicines as long as the food industry continues to contaminate and inoculate natural foods with chemical preservatives, flavourings, colouring agents, synthetic vitamins, sweeteners, bleaching agents, emulsifying agents, acids, alkalis, buffers etc.

These additives will continue to fill our bodies with toxic poisons, foods deprived of life-giving vitamins, minerals, and digestive enzymes. We will continue to provide our bodies with calories with only little nutrition. These foods are devitalised and dangerous. Consuming them is another way of defiling the body, instead of nourishing it.

Foods that are not natural will always interfere with the body’s functions. On the other hand, natural foods promote health and life. Processed foods promote disease and death. Many are ignorant of the fact that medicines are only trying to help where and when the natural   foods have been substituted with processed ones.

It is ironical that heavy consumers of processed foods get overfed but remain undernourished, The more processes a food goes through before it gets to the body, the less nourishment it provides. When you eat refined, processed, devitalised foods, your body is not nourished and you don’t feel satisfied. You feel hungry. Then you continue to overfeed on empty, processed, devitalised, sugary foods. This causes you to get fatter and fatter, forcing your body to gain extra weight, resulting in obesity.

Recent studies have implicated obesity in very many health issues including heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, and other painful and debilitating degenerative diseases.

Refined and processed foods are highly addictive and often contain phosphates that destroy some organs and bones and cause rapid ageing and kidney deterioration. Recent epidemiological investigation in Nigeria revealed a growing incidence of kidney problems and Type 2 diabetes among the youth. This is attributed to heavy consumption of highly refined carbohydrates and sodas containing lots of sugar. Digestion processes are ruined by processed foods because they are stripped of natural fibres, enzymes and vitamins.

Fast foods contain a lot of calories, sugar, sodium and unhealthy fats which are substances that increase your risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. Increased health risks are directly associated with increased consumption of fast foods.

Another area of concern is the increasing consumption of genetically modified foods. There is ample evidence of health risks of such foods in animals and man, including inhibition in the development of the brain, liver, and testicles; partial atrophy of the liver; enlarged pancreas; as well as intestines and immune system damage.

Only natural foods prepared and preserved in the natural way, can supply the essential nutrients required by the body and promote health and longevity.

Sir Atueyi is a legend – PANS UNIBEN president

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PANS, UNIBEN president pix

In this exclusive interview with Pharmanews, Darry Emazor, president of the Pharmaceutical Association of Nigeria Students (PANS), University of Benin (UNIBEN), spoke on issues related to pharmacy education and practice in Nigeria. He also spoke on the performance of pharmacy schools at the recently concluded second edition of the Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi National Essay and Debate Competition hosted by UNIBEN. Excerpts:

 What prompted your decision to study Pharmacy?

As a child, I didn’t know much about Pharmacy, although we had a family pharmacist whom we visited more than our doctor. While growing up, my family wanted me to become a medical doctor. So when I finished secondary school, I applied to study Medicine; but all my efforts for about three times were in futility. Meanwhile, I had always put Pharmacy as a second choice in every of my attempts and I had even promised myself that I was going to study Pharmacy even after graduating as a medical doctor. In my fourth attempt, however, I decided to put Pharmacy as first choice and fortunately I was offered admission to study for Pharm. D in this school. So, I could say that my decision to study Pharmacy had divine backing.

 As a pharmacy student and PANS president what would you say are the challenges facing pharmacy students in your school and how can they be tackled?

In my opinion, our first major challenge has to do with the academic. The curriculum here is just too voluminous to ensure proper learning. While I commend the efforts of our lecturers, I would suggest that we expunge some things that are no longer relevant while introducing current issues and trends in the pharmacy profession.

Secondly, most students lack very good esteem of themselves and the pharmacy profession. This stems from lack of mentorship in the profession. This is an area where I think we should work and improve on, as it will eventually result in mutual respect, love and unity.

Although there are other challenges, I consider these two to be the major ones.

How do you see the Pharm.D programme? Should all pharmacy students in Nigeria now go for Pharm.D and not the Pharm.B?

First of all, I believe that the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) degree is the lifeline of this profession. It’s a programme that sustains the relevance of this profession at a time when it is being threatened by an influx of quacks, traders and even other health workers. Pharm.D, no doubt, creates a nexus between the drug and the patient as it ensures provision of better health care services through pharmaceutical care.

Pharm.D is the one and only way forward in pharmacy education in Nigeria and, as such, I would advise that every pharmacy school in Nigeria key into it. Also, Pharm D should be made the minimum benchmark of pharmacy accreditation in all pharmacy schools just as obtainable overseas.

As a student, how would you assess pharmacy profession in Nigeria?

Pharmacy is a fast-growing profession in Nigeria and I can proudly say that our veterans have done so much to make it an admirable one as well. However I believe that much still needs to be done. There is need for unity among pharmacists; there is a saying that ‘united we stand, divided we fall’. We also need to put our resources and strengths together in order to achieve common goals. However, I strongly believe that the future is bright for our dear profession judging from the dynamic and pragmatic attitude of the new generation of pharmacists that are being produced and the desire to set best standards of practice by our older pharmacists.

What can the government do to improve the standard of pharmacy education in Nigeria?

The government, through the National University Commission (NUC), should review the pharmacy curriculum, make Pharm.D the minimum benchmark for accreditation in all pharmacy schools, build more pharmacy schools, and provide best conditions for learning and practice of Pharmacy.

 Recently, the second edition of the Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi Debate and Essay Competition was held in your school, what do you think of it?

The name and person of Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi means a lot to so many persons. Personally, I will describe him as a legend, a mentor, a leader par excellence and a rare gem. He is a blessing to this profession, a pacesetter and success personified. One outstanding quality I admire about him is his humility and piety. I consider it a blessing to know him in person and I believe that it’s his greatness that led to the birth of the Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi Essay and Debate Competition which started last year in his honour.

This competition is held annually and involves all pharmacy schools. This year, it was hosted for the second time by UNIBEN and was won by the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. This automatically makes them host of the next edition. Even as this competition serve as a honorary function it also serve as a means for pharmacy students all over the country to brainstorm on various issues and strengthen our unity. So we are more than grateful to Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi for this opportunity.

 

Winning 2015 Sir Atueyi Essay Contest was fulfilling – Efeobhokhan

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In this interview with Adebayo Folorunsho-Francis, winner of the 2015 Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi Essay Contest, Ezekiel Efeobhokhan, a Pharm. D student of the University of Benin (UNIBEN) Pharmacy School, Benin City, Nigeria, bared his mind on why he chose to study Pharmacy, how he felt winning the essay competition and ways to improve on it. Excerpts:

L-R: Darry Emazor, UNIBEN PANS president, Pharm. (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi and Ezekiel Efeobhokhan, winner of the 2015 Essay Contest
L-R: Darry Emazor, UNIBEN PANS president, Pharm. (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi and Ezekiel Efeobhokhan, winner of the 2015 Essay Contest

Tell us a bit about your educational background

I finished my secondary school in 2008 but got my SSCE in 2010. I immediately enrolled for a diploma in computer science and I graduated in 2011. That same year I got admission to the School of Pharmacy, UNIBEN. I love creative thinking; so I ventured into writing. When I was much younger, I would gather my peers around and tell them fascinating stories. Stories I cooked up in my mind. And they would all sit round to listen. You know, it is not just easy to make your peers listen while you talk but because of how fascinating the stories were, they would sit till I was done talking. Sometimes I got “tips” to tell stories.

 Why did you choose to study Pharmacy?

Pharmacy is a very good profession, no doubt. But I would be truthful to say that I knew nothing about this pot of gold until I ran out of other options. I chose pharmacy because the year I took the UTME, I was told that UNIBEN would not be admitting students into the MBBS programme. This is one of the problems the profession (Pharmacy) is facing. It lacks publicity.

 Who do you look up to as role models and why?

Early this year, I came up with a list of individuals who are to mentor me on the path I have chosen to follow. They are Pastor Oluwale Josiah, Prof. Ray Ozolua, Gilbert Alasa and Yomi Odunuga. Josiah is my pastor and someone I hold in high regard. I love the way he teaches and responds to my spiritual needs. For Ozolua, I like the way he lectures and how objective he sees life. One principle that endears me to this icon is the fact that he teaches one never to be pedantic. That is, he encourages students to be open-minded and accept changes. With the few communications I have had with him, I have learnt to emulate his level of objectivity. Alasa is an award-winning young journalist who provides me with a great arena to learn and improve my writing skills. Odunuga, on the other hand, is a Saturday columnist in The Nation newspaper. I love the way he presents facts in his write-ups.

 How did you feel winning the 2015 edition of Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi essay contest?

It felt like a dream come true. It was something that I looked forward to. It was like a validation. Although many had commended my style of writing, I needed something more tangible than mere commendations. This was what winning the essay brought to me. It brought a sense of fulfilment and a level of satisfaction. All the same, I give God the glory for the opportunity.

 Are there areas you think the organisers can improve on?

Yes. I would want the organisers to create more time for essay writers to prepare their work. This year’s competition gave just two weeks to prepare. That was too short, considering that we are students. As we all know, pharmacy students barely have enough time for their books not to talk of sacrificing time for essay competitions. Other national essay competitions I partook in usually give nothing less than two months for preparation. Also, the rewards could also be improved to motivate more writers to participate.

 If you were to study another course other than pharmacy, what would it be?

I would have opted for any course related to journalism, maybe Mass communication. Most of my mentors I listed above are all journalists except Prof. Ozolua. I could have also settled for English and Literature.

All the same, I will still find time in the future to pursue this dream of being a professional journalist. Journalism and writing is a passion.

On completion of your studies, in which area of the pharmacy profession do you hope to practise?

Pharmaceutical journalism, if there is any field as such. I may also want to lecture because of the ample time it would create for me to practise journalism. But I can assure you that anything I am going to engage in after graduation will not be far from journalism and writing.

 

Nigeria can’t advance without true professionalism, says Adelusi-Adeluyi

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Eminent pharmacist and Chairman of Board of Trustees of the Professional Excellence Foundation of Nigeria (PEFON), Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi, has decried the proliferation of charlatans posing as professionals in the Nigerian society.

Adelusi-Adeluyi
L-R: Sir (Dr) Oladipupo Bailey, founder, Professional Excellence Foundation of Nigeria (PEFON); Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi, chairman, PEFON board of trustees and Hon. Bala Bawa Kaoje, immediate past president of Association of Professional Bodies of Nigeria (APBN) during the presentation of award to the chairman

Speaking on the theme “The Need to Renew Spirit of Professionalism in the Professional Class” at a luncheon lecture organised by PEFON, Adelusi-Adeluyi, explained that there is need to sanitise the society if Nigeria is to move forward.

The event which took place on 20 August, 2015 at Hotel Victoria in Saka Jojo area of Victoria Island, Lagos, attracted high profile professionals from all walks of life.

According to the former minister of health and social services, “We are all leaders in our right. Let me state a fact that government at all levels cannot provide all the people need. We truly need to renew spirit of professionalism as the theme suggests.”

Continuing, he said: “A professional is a professional! We cannot fail to note however that there are too many fake pharmacists, accountants, engineers and others in our society today.”

A Fellow of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (FPSN), Adelusi-Adeluyi maintained that professionals in all disciplines must revisit the issue of professionalism as way of self-regulation, adding that government would only see them as true professionals if they sanitise their professions accordingly.

“That is why I like the Rotary 4-way test which states : Is it the truth? Is it fair to all concerned? Will it build goodwill and better friendships and will it be beneficial to all concerned? “However, there should also be an enabling environment for professionals to thrive. PEFON may be young today, but it has huge benefits for the future,” he stated.

Sharing similar sentiments, one of the keynote speakers, Chief Steve Onu, immediate past president, Nigeria Institute of Town Planners, described a professional as a person who has been trained with specialised knowledge after intensive academic preparation as an expert in a given traditional profession or vocation.

The definition notwithstanding, Onu said it sometimes baffles him why banks are susceptible to distress, roads collapsing soon after construction and states unable to pay salaries, pensions and gratuity.

“The answers to the questions are not farfetched. It is either our professionals are not allowed to do their jobs professionally, are compromised, or have not internalised the attributes of professionalism,” he said.

Reacting to a question from the audience, Engr. Ibikunle Ogunbayo, past president, Council for Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) warned the public to be careful of the “The boss is always right” syndrome.

“It is a wrong assumption that has a way of landing one in trouble. How many of us recall what happened to the Second World War prisoners of war whose only excuse was that they were following orders? Even though they were not sentenced to the gas chamber, they were summarily executed for their crimes against humanity. Where we break the law, we should be ready to accept the consequence,” he said.

Towards the end of the lecture, Sir (Dr) Oladipupo Bailey, founder of PEFON, proposed a toast to celebrate the 75th birthday of Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi.

While describing the pharmacist as a man of integrity, honour and absolute humility, Bailey disclosed that he was further impressed by the manner President Muhammadu Buhari eulogised him on national television.

In the said broadcast, Buhari commended Prince Adelusi-Adeluyi’s “remarkable entrepreneurial and leadership skills which propelled him to the chairmanship of the Oodua Investment Group and also led to transformation of his well-known Juli Pharmacy into the first indigenously promoted company to be quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.”

Earlier in his welcome address, Bailey declared that PEFON was about the only organisation that aims to bring distinguished professionals from all walks of life under the same umbrella.

PEFON which has Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi, managing director of Juli Plc as chairman, board of trustees, aims to identify Nigerian professionals home and abroad who have excelled in their chosen fields.

Also in attendance were Pharm. (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi, managing director of Pharmanews Limited; Hon. Bala Bawa Kaoje, immediate past president of the Association of Professional Bodies of Nigeria (APBN); and Kunle Aderinokun, an associate editor at THISDAY newspaper.

It would be recalled that last year’s induction of Sir Atueyi increased the number of pharmacy professionals in the fold of PEFON fellowship to six. The other five are Dr (Mrs) Stella Okoli, chairman, Emzor Pharmaceuticals; Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi, managing director of Juli Plc; Dr Michael Oyebanjo Paul, chairman, Mopson Pharmaceutical Limited; Dr Nelson Uwaga, former PSN president and president of Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM); and Pharm. Olumide Akintayo, PSN president.

 

 

Leadership and the PSN

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The Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) is the oldest most organised and most stable professional association in Nigeria. This reputation was built over the years with the gift of exceptionally good leadership. These gifted men (and women) were able to rally all elements in the profession with a unique mantra: “As men (and women) of honour, we join hands” to pursue Pharmacy’s common interests. They succeeded to a large extent in giving Pharmacy a new name and identity in corporate Nigeria. Through their leadership, pharmacists moved from being mere government dispensers to being first class scientists with specialisation in different fields of Pharmacy. The roles of pharmacists in the health care delivery system also grew tremendously in stature.

These leaders ensured that the organisation of the PSN was firmly established with the specialty or technical groups coming on-stream: NAIP (1981), NAGPP (1981), NAAP (1981) and NAHP (1982) to take care of specific needs and interests of Industrial, Community, Academic and Hospital Pharmacists. All members of this unique generation of leaders deserve accolades and should be proud of their outstanding contributions.

The history of the PSN has been well documented by the late Dr Fred Adenika in his book, Pharmacy in Nigeria (pp. 19-27). It is expected that some of the living members of this generation of leaders will document their experience to fill the gap.

 Sterling performance

The generation of leaders from 1997 to date have put in their best to sustain the momentum generated by the earlier leaders in the mould of Chief Olu Akinkugbe, Senator Ayo Fasanmi, Prince Julius Adelusi-Adeluyi and Dr Philip Emafo. From Lady Eme Ekaette through Alhaji Yaro Budah, Dr UNO Uwaga, Sir Anthony Akhimien, Azubike Okwor to Olumide Akintayo – they have collectively and individually kept the flag flying and moved Pharmacy up the ladder of progress.

However, along the line, there seems to have been some form of disconnect between the old and new generation pharmacists. I have noticed, over the years, that the key personalities running the affairs of the society remain the same. Some have even started to talk about a cabal passing the baton of leadership from one member to the other.

A few years ago, a group on the PSN Facebook page took up a fight against the PSN leadership, threatening to lead a boycott of payment of annual due to the PSN. They accused the leadership of being autocratic, indolent and lacking in integrity. They even went to extent of giving the President an ultimatum to provide specific answers to their numerous complaints.

I was not amused by the vituperations and antics of this group and I joined the debate with the hope of providing insights to the issues raised. I made it clear that our leaders were making a lot of sacrifice to keep the hope of a better pharmacy practice in Nigeria alive and that it would be wrong to reward them with abuses and unsubstantiated allegations. I warned the group that they would fizzle out of reckoning if they didn’t change their rhetoric and tactics. This notwithstanding, I knew that something was wrong somewhere and we have a responsibility, as leaders, to dig deep and locate the real issues.

 Personal testimony

In the past 10 years, I have had the privilege of working very closely with all Presidents of the society within the period. Dr Uwaga was just about to finish his term of office when I returned to Pharmacy after five years sojourn in the hospitality industry. He is a good ambassador of Pharmacy and he has proved his worth by moving on to become President of the Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM). In that position, he has projected, positively, the image of pharmacists and the pharmacy profession. Sir Anthony Akhimien succeeded Uwaga in a keenly contested election where the top three candidates were separated by as few as two to three votes!

Sir Akhimien was a very passionate President. He dedicated his entire being to the service of the profession and I was part of his presidency, as Chairman of the Presidential Inauguration Committee (2007), Chairman, Conference Planning Committee (2008) and member of the National Executive Committee, NEC (2009). Together, we planned to have a model hospital practice setting which will allow our hospital colleagues to practice decently in the hospitals. The proposal that was submitted and debated did not see the light of the day due to the burden of PCN/Ahmed Mora issue that bugged the concluding part of Tony’s presidency. You can accuse Sir Akhimien of anything in the world but his commitment to the pharmacy profession is unquestionable.

Pharm Azubike Okwor was returned unopposed as PSN President at the 2009 conference in Benin. I was a member of NEC throughout his presidency by virtue of my position as the National Chairman of the Association of Industrial Pharmacists (NAIP). He achieved the feat as the first and the only Nigerian (if not African) to be given the Fellowship of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). I tried to bring up the idea of the model hospital practice setting which, unfortunately, did not fly with him. He has very strong convictions and can hold his own in adversity.

Olumide Akintayo took over, again unopposed, at the 2012 conference in Abeokuta. Right from the start, he left no one in doubt as to the direction his presidency would take. He was ready and prepared to defend Pharmacy with all the arsenals at his disposal and he has discharged this duty creditably well. I was a member of his NEC for less than one year but we had worked and are still working together. His presidency has so far witnessed improved visibility for the profession, the inauguration of the Nigerian Academy of Pharmacy; and we are on the verge of having a commercially viable organisation in Ultra Logistics Company Limited.

I have gone to this length in order to debunk the erroneous impression about the leaders of the profession in recent times. I have observed, at a close quarters, that it has all been sacrifice and selfless service and certainly not the tale of ‘honey’ that flows from all corners of the President’s office. It is possible that some of the stories emanated from their ubiquitous presence at the secretariat, domination of discussions at conferences and the few board appointments that seem to rotate round their numbers. Nothing compares to an individual’s records of service. I have asked President Olumide to follow Dr Uwaga’s footsteps and move on to something else after his presidency. Overall, the society should be grateful to these gentlemen for spending their time to serve.

Also at close quarters, I have observed that there has been too much emphasis on the position and person of the President. It is a dangerous development which can make the President to hear only his own voice. The position of the secretary (and all other executive offices) need to be strengthened and made more competitive.

Paramount agenda

As we move into a new era, which is fast approaching, it is important that we set the agenda for the new set of leadership that will soon be enthroned. I have always believed that leadership is about service and it is the responsibility of the leader to know what the constituents need and to meet this need using all the instruments of power at his or her disposal. We cannot and must not be satisfied with the status quo as represented by organisation of conferences and the likes. Each President and team must have a fundamental project which will be the hallmark of that regime. This time in the history of the PSN requires a different set of leadership with a new set of skills and competencies. The little problem of yesterday has become a festering sore of today. We need a leadership that will address the following key issues among others:

–              The number of universities offering Pharmacy has ballooned in recent times. How are they managing with the observed dearth of teachers in all the universities? How is the staffing problem affecting the quality of their products? Is there anything we can do to encourage and make career in academia attractive to young pharmacists? What is the position of research in the universities? What can the society do to draw attention and funding in this direction? How do we ensure that we have adequate tools for teaching and the teachers remain motivated?

–              There are many cases of new graduates roaming the streets looking for internship placement. I believed this should not be so. PSN should work with the PCN to actively encourage companies, pharmacies, universities and hospitals to open up new internship places. There must also be direct action to make the young graduates to stay in Pharmacy post NYSC.

–              The industrial sector is still enmeshed in many issues from the high fragmentation to low quality and the disorganised distribution system. With a huge potential demand base due to high population, we are still very far from optimal level of performance.

–              The hospital system needs a new approach to make it conducive for ideal Pharmacy practice. What can we do to bring a new impetus towards the direction of change?

It is my sincere wish that the election in November this year will throw up the right kind of leadership for the profession. The day is almost here with us.

 

Dr. Lolu Ojo BPharm, MBA, PharmD, FPCpharm, FPSN, FNApharm, DF-PEFON

 

Exclusion clauses and limiting terms

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Legal Angle

Pharmacist Adebayo has a contract to provide drugs and first aid supplies to the Benue State University, Makurdi. These provisions are required for the University Sports Festival to hold over the weekend. He contacts Freddy Pharmaceuticals, a wholesale distributor in Oshodi, Lagos.

Fortunately, all the required products are available. The goods can be delivered via the services of a transport company, which shuttles between Lagos and Benue. Adebayo pays for the order and signs a receipt issued to him. Subsequently, arrangements are made for despatch of the products to Makurdi.

However, the transport vehicle encounters some mechanical problems. This results in the delay of conveying the goods, eventually arriving on Monday, after the close of the Sports Festival. Consequently, Adebayo loses the contract with the university and seeks to recover his losses from Freddy Pharmaceuticals.

The distributor denies any responsibility for the loss, citing an imprint at the back of the receipt, which states that “the company shall not be liable for any damage, lateness or non-delivery, resulting from the conveyance of goods.” Adebayo maintains that he was not aware of this provision and did not even realise that there was anything written at the back of the receipt. Had he been informed, he may have made his own arrangements for the delivery of the goods. For this reason, he is holding Freddy Pharmaceuticals accountable for the late delivery and subsequent losses. In view of this, what is the legal position?

In business, parties to a contract are free to limit or exclude obligations arising from their transaction. Disputes regarding these exclusion clauses may occur when a party, usually the seller, claims exemption from his liability, thereby depriving the buyer of compensation to which he should have been entitled. These exclusion clauses or limiting terms are often written in a receipt, ticket, form or notice, which the buyer may or may not have read. To protect consumers, the courts have designed separate rules in respect to documents signed by the buyer and those not signed.

The legal issues to be considered are:

  1. The validity of an exclusion clause that the buyer is not aware of.
  2. The responsibility of the seller to bring such terms to the buyer’s attention.
  3. The effect of signing a document containing exclusion clauses.

In the case of Parker v. South Eastern Railway Company, the rules for determining the validity of an exclusion term in a document, not signed by the buyer, were established as follows:

If the person receiving the document did not see or know that there was any writing on it, he is not bound by the conditions.

  1. If he knew that there was writing on the document, and realised that the writing contained conditions, then he is bound by those conditions.
  2. If he knew that there was writing on the document, but did not know or believe that the writing contained conditions, nevertheless he would be bound if the party delivering the document to him had done all that was reasonably sufficient to give him notice that the writing contained conditions.

From this, it is apparent that the law aims to protect a party to a contract who receives unsatisfactory services from his transaction and is entitled to some compensation arising from that. It would be difficult for the person responsible for the loss to absolve himself of liability on the basis of an exclusion clause or limiting term that the injured party is unaware of. The issuance of documents like receipts or delivery notes, with such terms written on them, may not be sufficient to bind the parties to those terms. There is an additional responsibility, on the part of the person issuing the document, to make reasonable efforts towards notifying the receiving party of these terms.

 

In this case, Adebayo concluded the transaction and was issued a receipt, which eventually turned out to contain an exclusion clause, absolving Freddy Pharmaceuticals of any liability arising from the conveyance of goods purchased. The receipt was not read by Adebayo, neither was the exclusion clause brought to his notice. On this basis, he is making a claim for a full refund of expenses incurred, including the losses resulting from the cancelation of his contract with Benue State University.

However, there is one major detail that cannot be overlooked: the fact that the document issued to Adebayo was signed by him. The position of the law with regard to documents signed by the injured party, incorporating exclusion clauses or limiting terms, is very different. In the absence of fraud, duress or misrepresentation, the person who signs a document is bound by the excluding term, whether or not he reads it.

In the case of L’Estrange v. Graucob, a customer signed a form printed by the sellers of an automatic slot machine which she ordered from them. The document contained a clause, in a very small print, stating “any express or implied condition, statement or warranty, statutory or otherwise not stated herein is hereby excluded”. When the machine was eventually delivered, it did not work well. The buyer sued the sellers for breach of contract. The sellers relied on the exemption clause in their defence. The buyer maintained that she knew nothing about the contents of the order form, as she had not read it before signing. In addition, the exemption clause could not easily be read because of the smallness of the print.

Nevertheless, it was held by the court that when a document containing contractual terms is signed, then in the absence of fraud and misrepresentation, the party signing it is bound, and it is “wholly immaterial whether he has read the document or not”.

In view of this, Adebayo is bound by the terms of his transaction, not because he has read or been notified of the terms, but because by signing it, he has signified his assent.

Principles and cases are drawn from Sagay: Nigerian Law of Contract

 

Primary health care in Nigeria is in wrong hands – Dr Oji

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Doctor Richard Oji
Doctor Richard Oji

In this exclusive chat with Temitope Obayendo, Doctor Richard Oji, a family physician with the Oak Hospital in Ikorodu, Lagos, highlighted the significance of family physicians, while bemoaning the widespread ignorance about their crucial roles in the health care landscape. He equally urged all private hospital owners to enrol for the Diploma in Family Medicine programme for enhanced health care delivery. Excerpts:

Briefly tell us about yourself

I am Dr Richard Oji. I attended military primary and secondary schools before studying Medicine and Surgery at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. I am currently a student of the National Postgraduate College of Medicine of Nigeria, Faculty of Family Medicine, where I am doing the Diploma in Family Medicine (DFM) programme.

Generally, I first practised clinical medicine in 2004. Practice has taken me from Enugu to Kaduna, Kano, Jigawa, Rivers, Delta and now Lagos State. I have been a senior medical officer and a deputy unit head in Accident and Emergency, General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynaecology , ENT and was acting medical director in hospitals in Kaduna, chief medical officer in a mission hospital in Delta State, as well as an in-house surgeon in a reputable hospital here in Lagos. Presently, I am third on call in Oak Hospitals.

It is a common practice for people to refer to family physicians as general practitioners. Is this correct? If not, can you explain the difference between the two areas?

This is a very good question. General practice (GP) is a domain in family medicine, though I prefer the term “primary care.” It is just a fraction of what a family physician (FP) does. People confuse a family physician with a GP because of the nomenclature of the American College. Initially, FPs were referred to as GPs worldwide but as the specialty became clearer, many countries have corrected this error, Nigeria inclusive.

The MBBS makes you a “primordial germ cell”- which means that the sky is your limit. You can decide to be a physician, a gynaecologist, a paediatrician, a neurosurgeon, a cardiologist, a pathologist, a family physician, an urologist – you just name it! You are full of potentials, but you are not a finished product yet. To be referred to as a GP in the real sense of it, you need special postgraduate training. What most Nigerians refer to as GPs are actually pluripotent germ cell, but since that is what you are used to in this country, we stick to your terms for the sake of this interview.

A family physician is a multi-trained specialist that gives continuing and compassionate care to patients, undifferentiated by age, gender or presentation. We see illnesses and diseases in their very early forms and it requires sound clinical skills or expertise to diagnose these conditions. Several tools are used in our practice and we are advocates of George Engel’s Biopsychosocial/Einsteinean/Patient-Centred Model of medical practice. We are the patient’s guide through the ever confusing maze of health care. We recognise the role of the family in health and disease and try to treat the patient rather than the disease. A FP is a 5 or 6-star doctor: he is a care provider, decision maker, communicator, community leader, manager, and researcher.

 Since general practitioners attend to all except infants, how practicable is it for general practitioners to avoid encroaching into the roles of family physicians?

By definition a GP attends to all patients and makes appropriate referrals. There is no rivalry between a GP and FP. In actual sense, the history of family medicine in Nigeria and worldwide is tied to general practice movement. We in Nigeria have the AGMPN to thank, which is an association of primarily GPs.

 With the dearth of practising medical doctors in Nigeria, do you have an idea of how many family physicians there are in the country?

We are very few in number actually. Numerically, we are about 400 Fellows, a professor (Prof. Inem, the doyen of family medicine in Nigeria) and less than 2000 residents and DFM scholars. You see, we are a relatively new specialty.

 From your experience so far, what would you identify as the most common health condition in the average Nigerian family?

Avoidable ailments like malaria, diarrhoea diseases, hypertension, diabetes, pneumonia, pregnancy-related ailments, somatoform disorders, and others.

 What would you say about the popularity of herbs as alternative to conventional medicines?

This has increased the incidence of end stage renal diseases and liver failure. Also the rate of gastritis and perforated visci is higher.

 What are the major challenges of family physicians both in private and government owned hospitals?

The gross ignorance, even within the medical field, about the role and position of the family physician. Primary care is in the hands of the wrong people. Even the WHO in 2008 advocated that FPs should to be given their pride of place. Some doctors still don’t see the FPs as consultants, and don’t appreciate the enormous workload they bear. Nigerians have lawyers, bankers, travel agents but don’t deem it fit to register with family physicians. Also, amongst doctors, the question of who owns a patient is still there.

 In what ways could these challenges be resolved?

Our health policy should be modernised as obtained in advanced societies. There should be no question on the issue that the FP owns the patients and only sends collateral and interval referrals to these consultants who unfortunately hold on to these patients without courtesy of a feedback to the FPs who referred such in the first place.

 Looking into the future of the health sector of the Nigerian economy in the next 10 years, do you think it would be competing with other advanced countries?

Actually, I think it’s the government’s responsibility to build a strong and reliable health care delivery system, that will be easily accessible to the public, with quality health care services, which could compete favourably with internationally standard.

 Considering the modus operandi of most private hospitals across the country, in what ways can they make their services more customer-friendly?

They need to employ/consult FPs, inculcate the new paradigm-shift of patient-centred medicine and watch their practice grow.

What is your advice to both patients and owners of private hospitals in Nigeria?

Every patient should register with a family physician who will serve as their gatekeeper and guide in the quest for good health. Self-referrals should henceforth be discouraged. All private hospital owners are advised to enrol for the DFM Programme of NPCMN in order to improve their practice.

 

Dr (Pharm) Patrick Osarenmwinda Igbinaduwa

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Dr Patrick Osarenmwinda Igbinaduwa is the current Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin (UNIBEN), Edo State. Born on 21 April, 1971 in the ancient city of Benin, Igbinaduwa is a native of Igun in Oredo Local government Area of Edo State.

The pharmacist had his early education at Amegor Primary School, Uwelu, Benin City. He then proceeded to Adolo College, Ugbowo, Benin City, where he sat his West African School Certificate (WASC) exams in 1987. Igbinaduwa gained admission into UNIBEN in 1989 and bagged a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree in 1995. Eight years after, he returned to the same institution for a master’s degree programme in Pharmaceutical Chemistry (2003–2007). A year after he rounded off his master’s degree, he enrolled again at UNIBEN where he completed his Ph.D in 2013.

Over the years, the amiable pharmacist has garnered a remarkable wealth of experience in quality control, research development and the academia. After his internship with the Central Hospital, Benin City (from September 1995 to October 1996), Igbinaduwa did his compulsory National Youth Service programme as a hospital pharmacist with the General Hospital, Kazaure, Jigawa State (1996–1997).

In 1999, he joined SKG Pharma Limited as medical representative, before leaving for Edo Pharmaceuticals Limited where he worked as quality control pharmacist in 2003. However, in a bid to fulfil his childhood dream, Igbinaduwa decided to move into the academia.

In 2005, his alma mater (University of Benin) appointed him as assistant lecturer in the faculty of Pharmacy. An erudite pharmacist with a natural flair for imparting knowledge, it didn’t take him long to make his impact felt in the faculty. In 2007, he was promoted to the position of Lecturer and, two years later, Lecturer I. He became a senior lecturer in the department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in 2013 before being made current head of department.

A one-time public relations officer, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN), Edo State branch (2002 – 2003), Igbinaduwa was also the manager, Anti-Drug Misuse and Abuse Programme of the Pharmaceutical Association of Nigeria Students (ADMEP-PANS UNIBEN) in 1994.

Between 2003 and 2005, he was assistant secretary, Edo State branch of the PSN. He is presently the chairman, Mandatory Continuous Professional Development Programme (MCPD) for the re-certification of pharmacists, UNIBEN Centre.

The pharmacist, whose hobbies include playing football, travelling and counselling, is married with children.

 

 

NAIP advocates life jail for drug fakers

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National chairman of the Association of Industrial Pharmacists (NAIP), Pharm. (Prince) Gbenga Falabi, has said that anybody found guilty of involvement in drug counterfeiting should be jailed for life.

The According to the NAIP boss, the present sanction of a fine of 200,000 naira or a six-month jail term for convicted drug fakers is grossly inadequate and cannot serve as deterrents to those involved in the nefarious business.

NAIP 1

Pharm. Falabi was speaking with Pharmanews in an interview during the 18th Annual National Conference of NAIP, held at Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Ikeja, Lagos, recently.

The memorable conference chaired by Dr ABC Orjiakor, Chairman, Neimeth International Pharmaceuticals Plc, who was represented by Pharm. Emmanuel Ekunno, MD/CEO of the company was also graced by Dr Paul Orhii, DG, NAFDAC; Pharm. Azubike Okwor, former PSN president; Pharm. (Chief) Bunmi Olaopa, president, WAPMA; Mr Eidickle Muyon from the FIP and Pharm. (Sir) Ifeanyi Atueyi, MD, Pharmanews.

Pharm. Falabi said NAIP wants the National Assembly to change the penalty for drug fakers to life imprisonment because those involved in dealing in fake drugs resulting in deaths of Nigerians should not have any opportunity to walk away.

He reiterated the determination of NAIP to push for an industry and civil society led anti-counterfeiting war on fake drugs, adding that NAIP is initiating the establishment of an intervention fund that will be used to assist the agencies saddled with the responsibilities of fighting drug counterfeiting in Nigeria.

Pharm. Falabi explained that it is very important to raise awareness on fake drugs because ensuring patients get genuine drugs for treatment is very crucial in the treatment chain. He said that while the hospital may be good, the diagnosis right and the doctor’s prescription correct, with the challenge of fake drugs, all the other efforts made to help the patient will be a waste.

The NAIP boss also said that the pharmaceutical industry has great expectations from current government in Nigeria because the Buhari government has shown that it takes what affects Nigerians as a priority, adding that the pharma industry, being an essential sub-sector of the health sector, will get the support and encouragement it required to back up its investments.

Speaking on the theme of the conference “Transforming the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry: The Big Picture”, Mr Bismarck Rewane, MD/CEO, Financial Derivatives Company Limited, said that the local pharmaceutical manufacturers are faced with challenges of high cost of production, counterfeit drugs/parallel importation, low purchasing power within the population, poor health care infrastructure, irregular government purchase of drugs and delayed payments, as well as weak enforcement of policies.

On growth options for the industry, Mr Rewane who was the keynote speaker at the NAIP conference urged the stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry to explore the possibility of development and local manufacture of pharmaceutical grade raw materials, as well as pooling of resources to increase their market share through partnership, mergers and acquisitions.

Rewane noted that the growth of the pharmaceutical industry would have a trickle-down effect on the Nigerian economy by helping to create more employment opportunities, reduce expenses on health care abroad, and help improve the life expectancy of Nigerians.

The highlight of the occasion was the presentation of awards to some distinguished pharmacists for their contributions to the pharmaceutical sector.

Expert cautions against misdiagnosing dyspepsia as peptic ulcer

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A gastroenterology expert has called on Nigerian physicians to make proper diagnosis of dyspepsia patients rather than hastily assuming that they have peptic ulcer.

Biofem engages health experts

Speaking at a Continuous Medical Education (CME) programme targeted at broadening the understanding of Nigerian doctors on adequate treatment and overall best management of numerous degrees of diabetes mellitus and gastrointestinal disease, Dr Funmi Duro-Emmanuel, a consultant gastroenterologist with the Ifako-Ijaiye General Hospital, Lagos said that it was quite disturbing to note that Nigeria had 48 per cent of the reported cases of dyspepsia from a recent global survey.

“This is why I also canvass that in the course of diagnosing such common clinical problem, our doctors should learn to run proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and stop concluding what the problem might likely be,” she said.

The programme, powered by Biofem Pharmaceuticals Limited, was aimed at further sensitising and re-awakening the physicians on ways to ensure proper management of diabetes, stomach ulcers and major complications.

The event which held on 26 August at Ibis Hotel, Ikeja, Lagos, was attended by over 120 physicians from various health care facilities in Lagos State.

Duro-Emmanuel shared her experiences with the audience concerning dyspepsia and the need to be patient in its diagnosis in order not to miss out the very important causes that may underline it. These underlying causes, according to her, may include serious conditions like stomach cancers.

Corroborating her view, Dr Charles Onyekwere, a fellow consultant gastroenterologist further expounded on the role of helicobacter pylori in causing dyspepsia, stomach ulcer and even stomach cancer.

The renowned researcher confirmed that the infection, which has been found to be rampant in Nigeria, is the leading cause of ulcers, adding that the difficulty facing the health care profession in tackling it lies in the high resistance of the infection to certain antibiotics like metronidazole and tinidazole.

The immediate past head of the department of Internal Medicine of LASUCOM however announced that a triple therapy containing Rabeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin administered for 10 days has been established through studies done in Nigeria as one of the most effective remedies to treat stomach ulcers as well as to prevent stomach cancers.

“When compared to gastric cancer, the rate of helicobacter pylori is high in Nigeria. It is a public health challenge with no vaccine yet. The youngest gastric cancer case we have witnessed in Nigeria was 32, even though the patient later died,” he said.

In another session, Dr Anthonia Ogbera, an associate professor and consultant endocrinologist with Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM) educated the doctors on clinical practice guidelines of diabetes mellitus foot syndrome.

According to her, diabetes mellitus as a chronic disease is assuming a pandemic proportion among Nigerians.

“Complications of the disease, particularly diabetes mellitus-related foot ulcer (DFU), are on the increase. It is important to note that DFU is not only a pivotal event in person with diabetes, but a maker of serious disease and co-morbidities. Therefore, lack of early diagnosis and right medical attention is a factor for possible deterioration, which might end up in amputation of the affected part, huge losses in revenue, and possibly cause the death of the patient,” she stressed.

Also, speaking on clinical presentation for the Management of Neuropathy, Prof. Abayomi Ogun, former Provost of College of Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State disclosed that neuropathy in diabetes can be diagnosed through clinical and anatoclinical means.

The university don also identified pain as universal and charged physicians, to manage neuropathic pain, based on its severity.

Also at the event, two product managers with Biofem Pharmaceuticals, Pharm Chris Abhulimhen and Pharm Bello Achilike both spoke briefly on the role the company has been playing to improve the standards of health care in Nigeria.

They observed that some of the company’s spirited efforts in the past had resulted in laudable initiatives, such as the introduction of mobile authentication service (MAS), as well as the provision of unique therapeutic combinations for managing diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases. The therapeutic combinations include Biobetic, Biopentin, Pylorest and Rabefast.

Baale urges inclusion of leadership training in pharmacy curriculum

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Pharm Lere Baale, regional director of Howes Consulting Group and director of Business School Netherlands has called for a comprehensive review of pharmacy curriculum in universities to include topics on leadership skills, clinical pharmacy, public health and business administration.

Baale made the call while delivering a keynote address on the theme, “Pharmacy Education and Research: Key to Good Pharmacy Practice” at the Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA) UNILAG branch’s annual one-day symposium held at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos.

A board member of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Baale also wants every lecturer to evolve into a certified Action Learning Coach (CALC).

“I know it is not easy to teach what you don’t practise. Our lecturers however can do better by spending at least 1,000 hours each year to practise in hospital, community, manufacturing, sales and marketing,” he remarked.

Pharmacy schools, according to him, have taken an analytical and discipline-based approach for centuries.

“For several years we emphasised analytics, models, and statistics. But we need to convince ourselves that the world markets (and business needs) have changed. As I usually say, words inspire but action transform!” he stressed.

Baale noted that the pharmacy profession has proudly produced great icons everywhere – including Cyprian Ekwensi, the literary luminary; Adeyinka Oyekan, Late Oba of Lagos State; Chief Olu Akinkugbe, a revered pharmacist; Prince Julius Adewale Adelusi-Adeluyi, former minister of health and social services; Dr Dere Awosika, a respected icon of the profession; Hajia Amina Zakari, chairman of INEC; Tolu Ogunlesi, social activitist and several others.

In a related development, Pharm. (Mrs) Molade Adeniyi, pharmacy services manager, HealthPlus Pharmacy declared that the role of the pharmacist in the health care delivery system and the society at large has undergone considerable changes over the years.

While explaining the traditional role of pharmacists, the pharmacist emphasised that it is important that pharmacy education from undergraduate and postgraduate to Mandatory Continuous Professional Development (MCPD) prepares pharmacists for this ever-evolving role.

Adeniyi said that there are six main levels of pharmacy education in Nigeria, namely, undergraduate education, Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), internship programme, foreign pharmacists graduate orientation programme, postgraduate education and MCPD.

The HealthPlus executive also noted that much as the majority of newly graduated pharmacists are knowledgeable, they often demonstrate lack of some basic skills such as leadership, communication, practice experience, confidence and analytical skils.

“The role of pharmacists worldwide has been redefined in line with global trends and advancements. We need to catch up fast! We must benchmark our industry with that of developed countries and be determined to raise the bar in order to achieve excellence in healthcare delivery,” she charged.

Towards the end of the programme, four personalities were given award of excellence in recognition of their contributions to the growth of Pharmacy in academia. They were Pharm. Lere Baale; Prof. Olukemi Odukoya, former dean of the faculty who was represented by Pharm (Dr) Glory Ajayi, associate professor, department of Pharmacognosy; Pharm. (Mrs) Molade Adeniyi, HealthPlus services manager and Pharm (Dr) Moshood Akinleye, former sub-dean of the school.

Also in attendance were Pharm. Oluwatosin Adeymi, chairman, University of Lagos (UNILAG) branch of NAPA; Prof Boladale Silva, new dean; Pharm Ifeanyi Atueyi, managing director of Pharmanews Limited; Dr Sunday Olayemi, acting head, department of pharmacology; Pharm. Aminat Oyawaluja, lecturer, department of Pharmacognosy; Dr Rebecca Soremekun, a senior lecturer in the department of Clinical Pharmacy; and Prof. Cecilia Igwilo, a Fellow of the PSN.

Others were Prof Udoma Mendie, professor of microbiology; Pharm. Bamisaye Oyawaluja, vice chairman; Pharm. (Mrs) Fatima Ikolaba, treasurer; Pharm (Mrs) Ogochukwu Amaeze, financial secretary; and Pharm. Joseph Oiseoghaede, secretary; Pharm. Arinola Joda, a senior lecturer with Faculty of Pharmacy and Dr Lawal Bakare, chief executive officer of HEIT Solutions;

The Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA) is a technical arm of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) made up of pharmacists practising in the field of academics and research. The association is currently the foremost research arm of the PSN and its reproductive arm as it is saddled with the production of individuals fit for registration as pharmacists.

NAPA’s first symposium held last year was theme “Collaboration creating value” and the keynote explored ways that significant collaborations can be pursued leading to important advances beyond the summation of individual parts of the health care team.

The event itself was a collaborative effort between distinguished pharmacists and medical professionals from the College of Medicine.

 

Linde Healthcare – Image Film

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This is an image film about Linde Healthcare, your partner for pharmaceutical and medical gas products, services and patient-care programmes.

source

Pharmanews Centre for Health Care Management Development November Workshops

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“Health care in Nigeria is changing. Our present challenges call for new ways of thinking.

There is great need for visionary leaders to transform our health care

organisations and to deliver outstanding products and services within our unique environment.

At Pharmanews Centre for Health Care Management Development,

our goal is simple – to help you prepare for the future.”

Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi – MD, Pharmanews Limited

Participants during a briefing of the Medcare Hopital, a subsidiary of  Aster DM Healthcare
Participants during a briefing of the Medcare Hopital, a subsidiary of Aster DM Healthcare

Optimizing effectiveness cannot be over emphasized. Continuous development is a tool for driving and achieving sustainable health care service delivery. The Pharmacy Technician as a subordinate is therefore, eligible for developmental growth to aid in rendering continually improved service for the overall performance of the team and the health care delivery at large.

We do request that you nominate participants for the upcoming workshop on the course below:

COURSE:      THE PHARMACY TECHNICIAN AND BEST PRACTICES

 

Date:                  Tuesday 17 – Wednesday 18 November, 2015

Time:                  9:00am – 4:00pm

Venue:               Pharmanews Training Centre

                           8, Akinwunmi Street, Mende, Maryland, Lagos.

 

Target Participants:                        Pharmacy Technicians

 

Course Contents:

  • Essentials of Ethical Dispensing.
  • Review of Contemporary Pharmaceutical Calculations.
  • Compounding Extemporaneous Pharmaceutical Preparations.
  • Essential of Supply Chain Management.
  • ICT in Pharmacy Care Provision.

 Course Objectives:

At the end of the workshop, participants will be able to:

  • Understand the importance of patient care and ethics of drug dispensing.
  • Effectively perform routine and special pharmaceutical calculations and prepare extemporaneous products.
  • Understand the principles guiding sustainable supply chain management procedures.
  • Understand the principles guiding sustainable supply chain management protocols.
  • Integrate ICT in supply chain management for optimum performance.

 

Registration:

  • ₦48,000 per participant on or before 19October, 2015.
  • ₦53,000 per participant after 19 October, 2015.

 

Registration fee covers tea break, lunch, workshop materials and certificates ONLY.

 

Group discounts:  3 – 5 participants: 10%,    6 and above participants: 15%

 

Cancellation: For cancellation of registration fee, 90% of the fee will be refunded, if cancelled at least seven (7) days to the workshop and this information communicated to us by sms or email, using: info@pharmanewsonline.com. There will be no refund if cancelled thereafter.

 

Method of Payment:

Participants should pay into Pharmanews Ltd account in Zenith Bank Plc (A/c No. 1010701673) or Access Bank Plc (A/c No. 0035976695) and send their full names and bank deposit slip numbers by sms or email to Pharmanews Ltd.

 

For further information, please contact:

Cyril Mbata                             –   +234 706 812 9728

Elizabeth Amuneke                  –   +234 805 723 5128

Ifeanyi Atueyi                 –   +234 803 301 5991

 

Yours faithfully,

 

Sir Ifeanyi Atueyi

Managing Director